度量

This paper introduces the background of the Copula method and its definition and properties firstly. And then the rank correlation and the tail dependence are introduced as well as their relationships with the Copula methods.

本文首先介绍了Copula理论的相关背景、定义及主要性质，然后介绍了秩相关测度和尾部相关性的度量，及其与Copula模型的关系，说明了Copula模型可以描述各种非线形的相关结构。

The uniformity degree and rank of the population are given to measure the distribution and quality of the solutions in the population based on the characteristic. Using the uniform degree of the population as objective function and the rank as the constrained condition, the bi-objective optimization problem is transformed into a single objective constrained optimization problem. The computational equations of the charge and force exerted on the particles are presented.

针对这一特点，定义了种群的均匀度和序值，来度量种群中解的分布和质量，将双目标优化问题转化为以均匀度为目标函数，序值为约束条件的单目标优化问题；设计了双目标优化问题粒子的电荷和受力的计算公式，提出了一种新的类电磁算法求解问题。

Fuzzy distance of the theory of fuzzy sets an important component of the fuzzy set theory from the early stage of development, Fuzzy Sets distance has been attracting a large number of the concerns that people use real theory of practice with a non-negative real numbers to measure the distance of fuzzy sets, is through the appropriate transform its alluding to the real axis.

模糊距离是模糊集理论的一个重要组成部分，从模糊集理论发展之初，模糊集的距离一直吸引着众多的关注，人们沿用实数理论中的作法，用一个非负实数来度量模糊集的距离，也就是通过适当的变换将其影射到实数轴上。

The measurement of credit risk violate the true mentality recept of the bank.

风险的方差度量对由于信用等级提高和降低而导致市场价值变化的部分同等对待，这有违银行内部对风险的真实心理感受。

Time to any recurrence, number of recurrences, total number of days spent ill, frequency and length of hospitalisations were the main outcome measures.

到任何复发的时间、复发次数、疾病持续时间的总天数、频率和住院治疗期间的长短是主要的结果度量。

In this paper,we define the oriented relevance information among attributes of information and decision systems,which measures the relevance among attributes of information and decision systems. And based on these definitions, we present a new discriminant theorem of knowledge reduction of information systems.

本文定义了信息系统以及目标信息系统属性之间的有向关联信息，用来度量信息系统以及目标信息系统属性之间的关联程度，基于此给出信息系统以及目标信息系统的知识约简一种新的判定定理。

The input method of multi-scale data and three levels data index are investigated, a new own idea about how to represent multi-scale seamless data is advanced. The viewpoints that seamless GIS is looked on surface of globe reference ellipsoid as spatial information positioning standard and looked on geographic coordinates as reference of spatial data storage are explored, and based on reference ellipsoid surface coordinate, the measurement model of distance, azimuth angle and area are given.(4) The flowchart of data production of seamless GIS is analyzed, on the basis of the program algorithm and the interactive processing of feature adjoining relation, the data production method of seamless GIS is discussed.

研究了无缝GIS多格式、多比例尺空间数据入库的模式，创新性地提出了用数据中间件模式解决GIS多源空间数据无缝集成的新方法，研究了多比例尺数据入库的方法和三级索引机制，并对无缝GIS数据的多尺度表示提出了自己的看法；阐述了无缝GIS以地球椭球面为空间信息定位的参考面、以地理坐标进行空间数据存储的观点，并给出了在椭球坐标系下的距离、方位角和面积度量模型。

In the third chapter, we study mixed estimator of regression coefficients under prior information and compare it with least square estimator. The upper and lower bounds of three new relative efficiency are obtained.

第三章研究带附加信息的混合模型回归系数的估计，引入度量混合估计和LS估计差异的相对效率的新定义，并分别求出各个新相对效率的上、下界。

The standard error of estimate, on the other hand, measures the variability, or scatter , of the observed values around the regression line

而估计值的平均误差，却是度量观察值围绕着回归直线的变化程度或分散程度。

The least squares technique for estimating regression coefficients minimizes this statistic, which measures the error not eliminated by the regression line.

用最小的计算方法来估计回归系数的最小值，从而来度量回归线中没有去除的偏差。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。