度量

First, we discuss several theories of risk measures respectively such as theories ofcoherent measures of risk, spectral measures of risk and distortion measures of risk.Within the framework of these theories, we discuss and compare standard deviation,mean absolute deviation, lower partial moment, Ginis difference, VaR, CVaR and soon. We conclude that CVaR is superior to other measures with respect to theoreticalproperties.

首先，本文分别讨论了一致风险测度理论、谱风险测度理论、失真风险测度理论和随机占优一致风险测度理论等风险度量评价理论，在这些理论框架内讨论和比较了标准差、平均绝对离差、下偏位矩、基尼均差、VaR以及CVaR等风险度量。

AMM formally describes the goal, feature, and indicator of software process, and their relationship. AMM also provides some principles, methods, and techniques to determine the measurement of software process.

模型形式化描述了软件过程的目标、特征和度量指标等关键元素以及相互间的关系，给出了确定软件过程度量的原则、方法和步骤。

Therefore, a new means integrating Analytical Hierarchy Process with Statistic Process Control was put forward in this paper.

目前，软件过程度量理论和方法还不够完善，而高效准确的过程定量管理是成功进行软件过程改进的保障，为此提出了一种结合层次分析算法和统计过程控制的软件过程度量新方法。

Considering features' angular distance between background and target, feature differences of local area are computed and targets can be detected by these differences.

由于背景具有与目标不同的特征，利用角度度量准则来度量这些特征之间的差异，计算局部区域的特征差异，从而实现红外图像弱小目标的检测。

In the fourth chapter,first of all,a metric space is derived by the Loeb measure space which is a standard measure space,follow that the Completeness,separability and the Baire theorem are expressed.

第四章中，首先由Loeb测度这个标准测度空间导出度量空间，接着讨论了该度量空间的完备性和可分性以及其Baire定理(来源：A8525B52C论文网www.abclunwen.com)。

Finally, a new method of errors analysis (midpoint and barycentric measure method )are presented to measure the errors of surface reconstruction, strong practicability shows that this error measure method is feasible to testify the validity of surface reconstruction.

最后，本文对重建曲面进行了误差分析，提出了一种新的误差度量方法，即中点、重心误差度量法；此方法运算效率高，并在一定程度上可以衡量曲面重建效果的好坏。因此有很强的实用性。

On the basis of diagnosis and measure of multicollinearity,a new biased estimator of unknown parameters called partial ridgeestimator is proposed for Gauss-Markov model.Its properties are discussed,and some important conclusions are drawn.The determination of biased parameter in the PR estimator is discussed too.

基于复共线性诊断和度量的结果，提出了测量平差Gauss-Markov模型参数的一个新的有偏估计，称为基于复共线性诊断和度量的部分岭估计，讨论了部分岭估计的优良性质，提出了岭参数的选取方法。

Bringing security metric as a QoS parameter is a new strategy in QoS routing.Aiming at the problems that the way of characterizing the link safety using only one security metric in QoS routing,a strategy that using multi-security metric as routing parameter is proposed.This will characterize the link safety much more exact.The authors will use the strategy mentioned before for secure routing based on differentiated service.

将安全度量作为一种QoS参数进行路由选择是目前网络安全路由研究的一个新思路，针对现有方法采用一个安全度量参数描述链路安全性，进行路由选择存在的问题，提出一种多安全度量的链路安全性描述策略，能够更加全面准确地描述网络链路的安全特征；该描述策略应用于区分服务模型下的安全路由选择，并提出了基于改进的非支配遗传算法的多目标最优化安全路由算法求解这一多目标多约束的NP完全问题。

Bringing security metric as a QoS parameter is a new strategy in QoS routing.Aiming at the problems that the way of characterizing the link safety using only one security metric in QoS routing,a strategy that using multi-security metric as routing parameter is proposed.This will characterize the link safety much more exact.The authors will use the strategy mentioned before for secure routing based on differentiated service.An algorithm named MOSRA（Multi-Object Optimal Secure Routing Algorithm）based on nondominated sorting genetic algorithm under Differentiated Service Model is proposed to solve the NP complete.

将安全度量作为一种QoS参数进行路由选择是目前网络安全路由研究的一个新思路，针对现有方法采用一个安全度量参数描述链路安全性，进行路由选择存在的问题，提出一种多安全度量的链路安全性描述策略，能够更加全面准确地描述网络链路的安全特征；该描述策略应用于区分服务模型下的安全路由选择，并提出了基于改进的非支配遗传算法的多目标最优化安全路由算法求解这一多目标多约束的NP完全问题。

The main method of the credit risk measurement includes conventional method and modern method basing on VAR .

信用风险度量的主要方法分为传统的信用风险度量方法和基于var的现代信用风险度量的方法。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了