度量

Because normal fuzzy set operations may lose the knowledge in fuzzy sets, three extended operations are defined in this thesis based on the thought of distinguishability.

除此之外，本文还围绕确定性知识含量度量的研究工作，就相关其他问题展开了讨论，其中包括：给出了知识库知识差异性的度量公式及范畴简化的度量公式，并从理论上证明确定性知识库的叠加操作不可以产生新的知识。

A new soft decision metric for QAM is presented in this paper. Unlike traditional soft decision metric based on minimum Euclidean distance, the proposed metric is based on the bit confidences.

传统的软判决度量大多是基于最小欧氏距离准则生成，该文提出一种基于比特置信度快速生成QAM软判决度量的算法，通过将比特置信度引入到QAM软判决度量的计算中来减少计算的复杂性。

In the fifth chapter,we mainly discuss the relationship of the metric space induced by a Loeb measure space and the metric space induced by a internal finitely additive measure space.

在第五章，我们重点讨论了由有限测度空间导出的度量空间和由内有限可加测度空间导出的度量空间的关系，然后在此关系的基础上研究了由内有限可加测度空间导出的度量空间的性质。

At the same time we introduce the measurement management innovatively that include the measurement to process oneself and measurement to the products.

同时创新的引入度量管理，包括对过程自身的度量和对产品的度量，对整个项目的定量化管理中起到了至关重要的作用。

We show that these two metrics are intrinsic to the geometry of a surface. They can be applied to compute the fingerprints of surfaces for the purposes of shape identification and comparison.

曲面的平坦度量和一致度量传递了曲面的共形结构信息，利用这两个度量，我们可以非常直观地进行曲面的识别和比较。

Because software measurement has it's own rules and it's a long period for one measure to be accepted by public, the theoretical validation methods become an important way to understand a new measure.

由于软件度量存在固有的客观规律，而一个度量从提出到被广泛接受需要很长的一段时间，因此对新的软件度量进行理论分析和评价就成为重要的手段。

And according to the goal modeling gained from the above method, this thesis gives a new goal-driven software architecture modeling method based on the theory and principle of graph grammar presented by Le Metayer.(3) Based on GQM approach, integrating the research status, this thesis presents a process-oriented metrics for software architecture adaptability.

该方法在GQM方法的基础上，提出了面向过程的度量方法建模步骤、引入了数据项分层和确认分层、增加了度量的结构化描述和定义了新的度量指标，对GQM方法进行了进一步的扩展和改进。

In chapter 2, we prove that sn—first countable spaces are preserved by the finite subsequence-covering mappings.By this result, we prove that the finite subsequence-covering, quotient mappings preserve g—metrizable spaces, also prove that the finite subsequence-covering, closed mappings preserve sn—metrizable spaces, g-metrizable spaces, metrizable spaces, point-countable bases.

在第二章中，我们主要证明了有限子序列覆盖映射保持sn-第一可数空间，作为它的应用，又证明了有限子序列覆盖、商映射保持g-第一可数空间，也证明了有限子序列覆盖闭映射保持sn-度量空间，g-度量空间，度量空间，点可数基。

The nonstandard anslysis theory is used in the κ-saturated nonstandard model, the definition of the quasi-near-standard points in a metric space is given and it is proved that a point in nonstandard metric space is quasi-near-standard point if and only if its monad contained in every *-open ball of some standard point.

在κ-饱和的非标准模型下，采用非标准分析方法，提出了度量空间中的拟近标准点的定义，得到了非标准度量空间中的点是拟近标准点的充要条件是它属于某一个标准点的每一个*-开球，证明了度量空间的非标准完备化恰是该空间的非标准扩张中拟近标准点集的商空间。

ABSTRACT In this dissertation, fault-tolerance of redundant manipulators is thoroughly investigated. First, inherent relationship between the dexterity and fault-tolerance of single-redundancy manipulator is discussed. Both the manipulability and the relative manipulability are utilized for measuring the kinematic fault-tolerance of the manipulator with one joint failure. Furthermore, the relative manipulability is used for measuring dexterity loss resulted by one joint failure, and the relationship between the fault-tolerance measurement and null space vector of Jacobian matrix is established.

本文对冗余自由度机器人的答错性问题进行了深入的分析和迭付：首先研究了单冗余度机器人运动学灵活性与容错性之间的内在关系，提出以故障构形的可操作度和相对可操作度来度量机器人的运动学容错性，用相对可操作度来度量关节故障给机器人操作灵巧性造成的损失，并建立了容错性度量指标与Jacobian矩阵零空间向量之间的关系。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了