度量

Wbe a complete convex metric space ,T be a beneral quasi-contractive mapping satisfying certain condition and {x n}be the Ishikawa type iterative sequence with errors of T.

设是完备的凸度量空间，T ：E→E是广义拟—压缩映象，{xn}为T的带误差项的Ishikawa迭代序列。

Color quantization experiment of highly complex color images demonstrates that this new color difference formula's performance is better than those widely used color difference formulas in RGB color space.

通过高复杂度图像的颜色量化实验证明该色差公式在颜色量化中的性能优于目前使用较为广泛的几种RGB色差度量公式。

By mean of the method of upper and lower solutions, we will obtain a existence theorem like Kazdan-Warners. Using this theorem, we will study the vortex equation in holomorphic line bundle over complex manifold and prove a theorem of existence of Hermitian metric with a prescribed holomorphic section.

在本论文的最后部分，我们在紧复流形上讨论一类Kazdan-Warner型方程，用上下解方法得到了光滑解存在的Kazdan-Warner型定理，并将其用于研究全纯线丛的涡旋方程，得到了一个具有预定全纯截面的厄米度量的存在定理。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

And then, this paper provides a new method of sensitivity analysis which is based on the cosine of vectors'angle. Finally this paper makes compositor and sensitivity analysis on the model of urban sewage dealing factory constructing project.

最后，论文将提出的改进后的多属性评价方法以及基于向量夹角的权重敏感性分析法对城市污水处理厂建设项目评价模型进行了排序并对其权重敏感性进行了分析和度量，应证了论文的观点、方法与结论。

For a given compound rule, if the upper bounds of both confidence and support minus their corresponding lower bounds are less than a given constant, the measurements of the rule are definite; if the the lower bounds of both confidence and support are greater than their corresponding thresholds, the existence of the rule is certain.

对于一个复合型分类关联规则，如果规则的支持度和置信度的下界都分别超过支持度阈值和置信度阈值，则称该规则的存在性是确定的；如果规则的支持度和置信度各自的上界与下界之差小于一个给定的常量，则认为规则的度量参数是确定的。

With the concave transaction cost function more conforming to the actual situation, we introduce condition risk value to measure profolio risk, and propose mean- CVaR concave integer programming model under concave transaction costs and minimal transaction unit constraints.

1取交易费用函数为更实际的凹函数，引入条件风险价值度量组合风险，提出了考虑交易费用及最小交易量的均值—CVaR凹整数规划模型。

The Mean-CVaR (Conditional Value-at-Risk) portfolio optimization model is proposed to calculate a globally optimal portfolio under concave transaction costs. A non-decreasing concave function is employed to approximate origin transaction costs function.

研究了当投资组合的风险用条件风险价值（Conditional Value at Risk，简称CVaR）度量，考虑凹交易费用的投资组合选择问题，通过对交易费用采用非线性的凹函数，建立了一个均值-CVaR模型。

In this paper, it has an investigation from two aspects: conceptually semantic similarity and semantic relativity.

对于相似度的计算，本文从概念的语义相似度和语义相关度两个方面进行了研究，提出了一种将概念的语义相似度和语义相关度相结合度量的评估相似度算法。

Based on the conditional rough entropy theory, the definition of the conditional rough entropy of set is given and it can measure the uncertainty of set. The properties and the related theorems are given.

基于知识的条件粗糙熵理论，提出了集合的条件粗糙熵概念，用来刻画和度量集合的不确定性。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。