度量

This paper proves the existence of utility function by using Riemannian geometry methods, which build a bridge between Riemannian geometry and economics.

运用黎曼几何的方法证明了效用函数的存在性，引进了广义的边际效用趋势概念，该定义揭示了以效用函数为度量与一般的欧氏度量的偏离，并证明了这个定义是内蕴的。

The general decoding method for Turbo codes provided by the invention adopts enhanced Max-Log-MAP algorithm, makes use of Max-Sum semiring property in the generalized distribution law and combines and simplifies measure and calculation of forward and backward status of traditional binary Turbo codes, which means combining grid graph of traditional binary Turbo codes in nature to ensure that the status measure and calculation of the traditional binary Turbo codes have the same calculation expression way with that of the duobinary Turbo codes so that a general decoding device can both decode the traditional binary Turbo codes and duobinary Turbo codes.

本发明提出的Turbo码通用译码方法采用增强型Max-Log-MAP算法，利用广义分配率中的Max-Sum半环性质，对传统二进制Turbo码的前向和后向状态度量计算进行合并简化，从本质上也就是对传统二进制Turbo码的网格图进行合并，使得传统二进制Turbo码的状态度量具有和双二进制Turbo码一样的计算表达方式，从而使得通用译码装置对于传统二进制Turbo码和双二进制Turbo码都可实现。

Metrics are the characteristics that a benchmark mea- sures.

度量是一个基准程序度量的特性。

The unfeasibility to directly compute the link relative importance has been analyzed according to its evaluation base.

根据路段相对重要性的度量依据，首先分析了路段相对重要性直接度量法的不可行性，然后以路段可靠性重要度为工具，通过比较路段的可靠性重要度，从而间接确定了路段相对重要性，并给出了算例。

Based on that, two particular indentities of unitarily invariant metrics are obtained.3 Perturbation analysis of the canonical subspaces: This paper gives the least perturbation bound of the unitary factor on the unitary decomposition.

并利用C-S分解，给出了这类新的酉不变度量的上下界。由此，得到两个特殊的酉不变度量的恒等表达式。3 标准子空间的扰动分析：本文给出了矩阵的酉分解中酉因子的最小扰动界。

In this study, the methodology of linear structural rela- tionship model of latent variable has been studied which is the first time in China. Some extended conclusions have been come up to, such as multi-factor congeneric measure model, the reliability of measurable variable and its hy- pothesis test, the relation between standardized solution and unstandardized solution, multidimensional path model with measure errors, and multilevel model of latent vari- able. Some examples have been shown to help apply these results in practice, such as the analyses of the children growth-development data, the bone density data and the health resources data by means of latent variable model. Not only have new explanations for these data been achieved, but also powerful patterns for applying the theoretical methods in medical sciences and other fields.

首次系统地研究了潜在变量的线性关系模型，对部分已有的结论作了有益的推广，如：多因子度量模型、观测变量的可靠性及其假设检验、标准解与非标准解的关系、有度量误差的多维通径模型、以及多水平资料的潜变量建模；并用实例阐述了它们的具体应用，如分析了儿童发育调查资料、人体骨骼密度调查资料以及卫生资源利用效益评价资料，不仅获得了这些资料本身一些新的解释，也为本文所研究的理论方法在医学科研以及其它领域科研中的应用提供了例证，也便于广大医学工作者掌握。

This deviates the initial principle of market reform and baffles the development of electric reform.

归纳总结了电力市场中常用的市场力的度量方法，并在此基础上引入了熵的概念，把统计熵指标应用到市场力的度量中来。

The recovery strategy for the customer time window disruption is given,to guide to design the other recovery strategy for the VRPTW disruption;By setting the single dummy depot or the multiple dummy depots,the transition that the jump-offs of vehicles on the way are reposited to the depot is proposed,making the algorithm for the VRPTW solve the disruption recovery model as before;the customer time window disruption is analyzed,to help measure the other deviation for VRPTW;A new handling constraint method based on genetic algorithm is designed,avoiding the difficulty of selecting the penalty factor in penalty strategy and makes the handling constrain simplify.

本文给出了客户时间窗变动的扰动恢复策略，可以指导设计VRPTW其他扰动恢复策略；通过设定虚拟单车场或虚拟多车场，将干扰发生在途车辆的起点复位到车场，使VRPTW求解算法同样可以用于处理扰动恢复模型；对客户时间窗变动对系统造成的干扰进行了度量，为VRPTW其他扰动度量提供了指导；设计了一种新的约束处理方法，避免了惩罚策略中选取惩罚因子的困难，使得约束处理问题简单化。

This article introduce a general process of valuating usefulness of software testing, and put forward a series measuring index to measure of usefulness of software testing accurately.

本文介绍了评价软件测试有效性工作的一般流程，并提出了一系列用于精确度量测试有效性的度量指标。

In Chapter Four,a Contract Selection and Assessment Model is used for the first time to measure the change of overall risk of Stock Index Futures Contract, because most of the conventional models for valuating hedging efficiency of Stock Index Futures Contract are based only on reduction of cash price risk.

由于目前度量股指期货合约套期保值效率的模型大多仅仅考虑了现货价格的风险减少，因此在本文第四章中首次提出了一种度量股指期货合约整体风险变化的合约选择与评价模型。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。