底流

The granularity distribution is great improved after the filtration of stage treatment slurry on phosphogypsum (the crassitude phosphogypsum rate is increased and the fine-crushing decreased).

选用适合的分级设备对湿法磷酸反应料浆进行分级处理，分级底流送过滤机过滤洗涤，分级溢流作为晶种返回反应槽进一步长大。

After classification under flow(the crassitude phosphogypsum are crystal),the intermediate are transmitted to filter for filtration and washing.As crystal seed of classification overflow(the fine-crushing phosphogypsum are crystal)is returned to reactor and further crystal.

选用适合的分级设备对湿法磷酸反应料浆进行分级处理，分级底流送过滤机过滤、洗涤，分级溢流作为晶种返回反应槽进一步长大。

Study on hydraulic characteristics of transverse vortex behind sill of energy dissipator with step-down floor

对比常规的底流消能工，对跌坎式底流消能工消能水力特性进行了分析和试验研究。

Experimental study on hydraulic characteristics of underflow for energy dissipator with step-down floor

现对跌坎式底流消能工消力池内水流流态的演变进行了初步分析，随着入池能量的变化，消力池中会产生混合流、淹没混合流、淹没底流以及远驱底流流态。

Base on above studies, some conclusions were obtained as follows:(1) ore-forming background of the studied ferromanganese crusts are mainly controlled by intensity of Antarctic Bottom Waters and variations of material source;(2) it is confirmed that the ferromanganese crusts are mainly hydrogenetic and their composition are affected by volcanic and continental material simultaneously; there are no obvious phosphatization reconstruction and element reaction occurred in them, so they have important paleoceanological significance;(3) from researches on element occurrence modes in the new-type ferromanganese crusts and the lying sediments, it is proposed that there is no great biological affection on the crusts formation and their composition mainly came from the adsorptive action of the ferromanganese oxides in them;(4) two major types of ore-controlling factors are identified through compilation of ore-controlling factors, which are geological and oceanic factors;(5) considering the long-term variation trends of the crusts composition, combing the U-series and 10Be isotope dating results, it is proposed that the ore-forming processes of ferromanganese crusts in the studied areas can be divided into three major stages (5.6~2.8 Ma, 2.8~2.7 Ma and since 2.7 Ma), and then the activities of AABW since the Late Miocene, changes of input flux coming from volcanic and continental material are confirmed.

通过研究，得出如下结论：(1)研究区铁锰结壳的成矿背景主要受控于南极底流强弱及物源供给的变化；(2)证实铁锰结壳主要为水成成因，同时其物质组成也受一定程度的火山和陆源物质的影响；结壳自形成以来没有遭受到明显的磷酸盐化等成岩后期改造和元素再迁移，具有重要的古海洋学意义；(3)通过新型铁锰结壳及下伏沉积物元素赋存状态的研究，认为生物作用对研究区结壳的形成并没有很大的直接影响，其物质成分主要来自于结壳中铁锰氧化物的吸附作用；(4)在控矿要素的研究中，归纳出了地质与海洋两大类结壳控矿要素；(5)根据结壳成分长周期变化趋势，结合铀系和10Be测年结果，将研究区结壳的形成过程划分为三个主要阶段(5.6~2.8 Ma，2.8~2.7 Ma和2.7 Ma以来)，并确定了晚中新世以来研究区南极底流的活动情况、火山和大陆来源物质输入量的变化。

The main achievements include as follows:(1)With research results of hydraulic jump and impinging jet,flow patterns in stilling basin and plunge pool are analyzed in detail, the distributing characteristics of mean pressure and fluctuating pressure are investigated.

主要成果包括：(1)引用水跃和冲击射流的研究成果，详细分析了底流和挑跌流消力塘内的水流流态特征，探讨了这两种型式消力塘内时均压力和脉动压力的分布规律。

Studied the solid particles cyclone separation under structural parameters and operating parameters of different hydrocyclone, the results showed that major factor influence split ratio is in the ratio of entrance to exit pressure of hydrocyclone. Exit pressure has a certain influence on the split ratio, the various of the diameter and cone angle of hydrocyclone (in the ratio of entrance to exit pressure is constant) have no influence on split ratio; With diameter and cone angle increase, the separation granularity gradually increasing and recovery ratio decreasing; With entrance pressure increase, the separation granularity of hydrocyclone decrease, the split ratio of underset will increase slowly; With the diameter of overflow pipe increase, the separation granularity of hydrocyclone increasing and recovery ratio decreasing; With the diameter of underset pipe increasing, the separation granularity of hydrocyclone decreasing and recovery ratio increasing.

在不同的水力旋流器结构参数和操作参数下，对固体颗粒的旋流分离进行了分析研究，结果表明：旋流器的排出口比是影响分流比的主要因素，进口压力对分流比有一定影响，水力旋流器的直径变化和锥段角度变化对分流比基本上没有影响；随着直径、锥段角度的增大，分离粒度逐渐增大，回收率降低；随着入口压力增大，水力旋流器的分离粒度变小，底流的分流比会缓慢增加；随着溢流管管径的增加，分离粒度增大，分流比明显减小，回收率降低；随着底流管直径的增加，分离粒度减小，分级效果明显下降，回收率会增加。

The flow pattern, the distribution of average dynamic water pressure and the flow velocity near the floor of lip energy dissipater by hydraulic jump are analyzed through the method of hydraulic test.

采用水力学试验方法，对跌坎型底流消能工的水流流态、时均动水压力分布以及临底流速进行了分析。并对影响消力池水力特性的跌坎深度和水流入池角度进行了研究。

The paper presents that high pressure water jet comminuting technology was used for coal slurry pulverization,and then the comminuted slurry will be graded in a hydrocyclone,the fineness particles obtained from the over flow will be floated,and the coarseness particles from the under flow will be comminuted again.

介绍了采用高压水射流粉碎煤泥的技术，粉碎后的煤泥颗粒经水力旋流器进行分级，对溢流口得到的颗粒进行浮选，对底流口得到的颗粒再次粉碎。

The particles with heavy specific gravity are discharged from the underflow mouth and those with light specific gravity are discharged through the overflow pipe and thus it realizes the separation for heavy and light particles.

流体自旋流器上端给入并在旋流器内形成强制旋转流，旋转流将颗粒按粒度和比重分为内外环层，当矿浆流动至锥体部分时，由于锥体的突然变向，阻力增大，颗粒群向下运动的趋势减缓，并在此形成旋转悬浮层，随着离心力场的减弱，重力作用越来越明显，由按粒度和比重分成的内外两层逐渐转化为按比重分选的上下两层，比重大的颗粒通过底流口排出，比重小的颗粒则通过溢流管排出，从而实现轻重颗粒间的分离。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。