底比斯

At the seventh gate the enemy general, Polyneices, was also killed, but so was the Theban general, Eteocles. As the nearest male kin, their uncle, Creon, is now king of victorious Thebes.

第七座城门的攻城将军波里尼可斯已死，底比斯的国王兼将军伊特欧克拉斯也已身亡，因此男性近亲克里昂，也就是两人的叔叔，当上战争大胜的底比斯国王。

The background of the play is this: Some time after Oedipus was banished from Thebes, his two sons, Eteocles and Polyneices, quarreled over the rightful succession. The kingship went to Eteocles, rightfully; Polyneices fled to Argos, the traditional enemy of Thebes, and returned with seven armies, each of which attacked Thebes at one of its seven gates.

II。 《安蒂冈妮》的戏剧背景如下：伊狄帕斯被驱逐出底比斯后，他的两个儿子伊特欧克拉斯和波里尼可斯争吵王位的继承权，最后伊特欧克拉斯名正言顺当上国王，而波里尼可斯则逃到向来与底比斯为敌的阿格斯，并带领阿格斯的七个大军分别进攻底比斯的七座城门。

Dionysus dionysus was the god of wine.he was the son of zeus by semele.when 你好s mother was burnt to death in the glory of zeus.he was still ahelpless infant.你好s father trusted 你好s upbringing to some mountain fairy maidens.they tookthe greatest care of 你好m.under the tutors你好p of silennus,the satyr,he was introduced to all the secrets of nature and the culture of the wine.he travelled far and wide in 你好s carriage drawn by wild beasts.he was said to have been to india and et你好opia.wherever he went,there was music and song and revelling.你好sattendants,known as the bacchantes,were noted for their noiseand disorder.a most wild,noisy crow,they drank,danced andsang in acareless way.the women bacchantes were infamous for their excessive immodesty and disgraceful excitement.in their madness and intoxication they committed cruel violence.they tore orpheus,the gifted musician,limb from limb.king pentheus of thebes,for frowning on the wors你好p of bacchus in 你好s kingdom,suffered the same treatme nt at the hands of aband of these fanatical women,of whom 你好s own mother was the leader.

狄俄尼索斯是酒神，他是宙斯和塞梅莱的儿子当他的妈妈被宙斯的璀璨之焰烧死时，他还只是个孤弱的婴儿他的父亲将他寄托在山中仙子们那里，他们精心肠哺养他长大在森林之神西莱娜斯的教导下，他掌握了有关天然的所有秘密和酒的汗青他乘坐着他那辆由野兽驾驶的四轮马车到处游荡据说他曾到过印度和埃塞俄比亚他走到哪儿，乐声、歌声、狂饮就跟到哪儿他的随从们，被称为酒神的信徒，也因他们的吵闹无序而出名他们肆无忌惮地狂笑，不认为意地喝酒、跳舞和唱歌随从其中的妇女也因极端粗野、自得起来有失面子而臭名昭著当她们疯狂或是极度兴奋时，她们施用残忍的暴力她们曾把俄尔浦斯这位才调横溢的音乐家的手足扯破就连底比斯国王，仅因为在本国崇拜巴克斯问题上皱了颦蹙，也遭遇了同样的惩罚而带领这群狂热的女人胡作非为的就是狄俄尼索斯的母亲

My thesis is divided into three chapters: In the first chapter, I mainly present the excavations of Oxyrhynchus, the discovery of the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia, the author, the organization, the style and the vocabulary of the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia as well as the time of writing and the scope of the content.In the second chapter, I mainly analyze the war at Ephesus, Megara and Notium recorded in the Cairo Fragment and Florence Fragment and compare them with other historian\'s records.In the third chapter, I analyze the contents of London Fragment item by item and compare the parallel records with the other historian\'s. I mainly discuss the prosperity of Thebes and the fall of Athens in the Peloponnesian War, the constitution of Boeotia, the recovery of Athens after the Peloponnesian War, the consolidation of Spartan hegemony, the Corinthian War, the democratic revolution of Rhodes, the relationship between Persia and the Greek City States, the political conflict inside the Greek City States, etc.

本文共分为三章：在第一章中，笔者主要探讨了奥克西林库斯的考古发掘、《奥克西林库斯希腊志》的发掘出土及其作者、体例、语言和风格、创作时间以及记载的内容；在第二章中，主要对《奥克西林库斯希腊志》的开罗断片与佛罗伦萨断片所记载的以弗所战役、麦加拉战役和诺丁姆战役进行了史料分析和文献比对；在第三章中，笔者对伦敦断片所记内容进行逐条分析并与其他史家的记述进行了文献比对，其中主要探讨了伯罗奔尼撒战争中雅典的衰落与底比斯的繁荣、比奥提亚的联盟体制、伯罗奔尼撒战争之后雅典的复兴、斯巴达霸权的巩固、科林斯战争、罗德斯民主政变、波斯与希腊城邦的关系以及希腊城邦内部的党派斗争等内容。

The statement that the plague at Thebes depicted in Oedipus Tyrannus alludes to the plague at Athens is highly speculative, since the date of this play is uncertain.

伊底帕斯王》开场描绘底比斯城爆发大瘟疫，很容易使人联想到西元前四三O年的雅典瘟疫。

Ajax was a man of giant stature,daring but slow.when the trojan war was about to break out he led his forces from salamis to join the greek army at aulis.as one of the trustiest champions of the greek cause,he was given thejob of guarding one end of the greek camp near troy.he was noted in the battlefield for his bravery and courage.after achilles'''' death he became one of the two hot contestants for the dead hero''''s shield and armour,the other being odysseus.when the weapons were finally judged to his rival,ajax went mad for grief.unable to get over the hardships,he took his own life.when,in order to seek the advice of,odysseus came to visit the lower world,the shade of ajax frowned uponhim.in the lower world ajax chose to be a lion,guided clearly by the bitter recollection of his former life.

埃杰克斯是位身材魁梧、骁勇善战、但头脑迟钝的人。当特洛伊战争即将爆发时，他率领军队从萨拉米斯到达奥尔墨斯加入了希腊军队。作为一名为希腊事业奋斗的最可信赖的斗士，他被派去保卫靠近特洛伊的希腊军营边界。战场上，他因作战勇猛而出名。阿基里斯死后，他成为两个最有可能获得阿基里斯的盾甲的有力竞争对手之一。另一名对手是奥德修斯。最后，他的对手胜利了，并得到了盾甲。埃杰克斯悲伤至极，无法自拔，最终结束了自己的生命。奥德修斯为了得到盲人底比斯的忠告而来到阴间；埃杰克斯的幽灵冲着他直皱眉头。在阴间，由于受到前世痛苦记忆的折磨，埃杰克斯选择了做一头狮子。

Ajax ajax was a man of giant stature,daring but slow.when the trojan war was about to break out he led his forces from salamis to join the greek army at aulis.as one of the trustiest champions of the greek cause ,he was given thejob of guarding one end of the greek camp near troy.he was noted in the battlefield for his bravery and courage.after achilles'' death he became one of the two hot contestants for the dead hero''s shield and armour ,the other being odysseus.when the weapons were finally judged to his rival,ajax went mad for grief.unable to get over the hardships,he took his own life.when ,in order to seek the advice of,odysseus came to visit the lower world,the shade of ajax frowned uponhim.in the lower world ajax chose to be a lion,guided clearly by the bitter recollection of his former life.

埃杰克斯埃杰克斯是位身材魁梧、骁勇善战、但头脑迟钝的人。当特洛伊战争即将爆发时，他率领军队从萨拉米斯到达奥尔墨斯加入了希腊军队。作为一名为希腊事业奋斗的最可信赖的斗士，他被派去保卫靠近特洛伊的希腊军营边界。战场上，他因作战勇猛而出名。阿基里斯死后，他成为两个最有可能获得阿基里斯的盾甲的有力竞争对手之一。另一名对手是奥德修斯。最后，他的对手胜利了，并得到了盾甲。埃杰克斯悲伤至极，无法自拔，最终结束了自己的生命。奥德修斯为了得到盲人底比斯的忠告而来到阴间；埃杰克斯的幽灵冲着他直皱眉头。在阴间，由于受到前世痛苦记忆的折磨，埃杰克斯选择了做一头狮子。

Ajax was a man of giant stature,daring but slow.when the trojan war was about to break out he led his forces from salamis to join the greek army at aulis.as one of the trustiest champions of the greek cause,he was given thejob of guarding one end of the greek camp near troy.he was noted in the battlefield for his bravery and courage.after achilles'' death he became one of the two hot contestants for the dead hero''s shield and armour,the other being odysseus.when the weapons were finally judged to his rival,ajax went mad for grief.unable to get over the hardships,he took his own life.when,in order to seek the advice of,odysseus came to visit the lower world,the shade of ajax frowned uponhim.in the lower world ajax chose to be a lion,guided clearly by the bitter recollection of his former life.

埃杰克斯是位身材魁梧、骁勇善战、但头脑迟钝旳人。当特洛伊战争即将爆发时，他率领军队从萨拉米斯到达奥尔墨斯加入le希腊军队。作为─名为希腊事业奋斗的最可信赖的斗士，他被派去保卫靠近特洛伊的希腊军营边界。战场上，他因作战勇猛而出名。阿基里斯死后，他成为两个最有可能获得阿基里斯的盾甲的有力竞争对手之一。另一名对手是奥德修斯。最后，他的对手胜利了，并得到了盾甲。埃杰克斯悲伤至极，没有办法自拔，最终结束了自己的生命。奥德修斯为了得到盲人底比斯的忠告而来到阴间；埃杰克斯的幽灵冲着他直皱眉头。在阴间，由于受到前世痛苦记忆的折磨，埃杰克斯选择了做一头狮子。

Nor are the Kurds likely to take down fortifications around Dibis, where a big oil-pumping station sits on top of one of Iraq's biggest oilfields.

坐落在伊拉克最大油田上的底比斯镇中有一座很大的原油泵站，库尔德人因而也绝不可能取消底比斯镇周边的防御工事。

In Oedipus the King, Oedipus' ambivalent character exactly exemplifies the multiple sense of pharmako: the pollutant that must be eliminated and the role of scapegoat who is driven out of Thebes in order to save the community from certain troubles.

伊底帕斯王》中，伊底帕斯既是污染底比斯城的罪魁祸首、又是解救底比斯城的良方、最终也成为自我放逐替罪者；伊底帕斯俨然成为pharmako 一词多重意涵的具体呈现。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。