底栖生物

Microbialites represent a particular ecosystem, composing of cyanobacteria and other benthonic organisms.

微生物岩所代表的是一种以蓝细菌和其他底栖生物为主体的独特的生态系。

By and large, research projects undertaken by the Group fall into three categories. The first is geotechnical properties and prevention of geological hazards, with the stress on researches on dynamic properties of marine soil, coast-beach erosion and seabed failure, sediment reformation by benthonic fauna, failure of submarine pipelines, environmental geotechnical techniques, etc. The second is research on pollution and treatment of water and soil, with the stress on researches on ecological effects of exploitation activities in the marine environment, treatment of beach sediment pollution, treatment techniques of sea organism pollution, groundwater PRB treatment technique development, etc. The third is exploration of underground environment and geophysical data processing techniques, with the stress on devising equipment for detecting underground pollution and geological hazards, environmental GIS (Geographical Information System) and related analysis software, etc.

学术团队开展的研究课题大体上分三类：第一类课题是岩土体性质与灾害防治，侧重于海洋土动力特征研究，岸滩侵蚀与海床破坏研究，海洋底栖生物对沉积物改造研究，海底管线失稳研究，环境岩土工程技术研究等；第二类课题是水土污染过程与治理研究，侧重于海洋开发活动的生态环境效应研究，海滩沉积物污染治理研究，海水生物污染治理技术研究，地下水PRB治理技术开发等；第三类课题是地下环境探测技术与软件开发研究，侧重于地下环境污染与灾害探测设备的研制，环境地理信息系统，专业性应用软件的开发等。

Chemical analysis and toxic tests were combined with benthic macro invertebrates community structure alternations. Based on tri-axial graphs together with relevant matrix of decision-making, the initial bio-responsive sediment quality criteria clearly indicated the situation of heavy metal pollution, and showed the dose-response relationships between heavy metal contamination and benthic biotics. Moreover, the SQC may provide some basic material for establishment of sediment quality standards and for follow-up remediation engineering in the area.

通过将化学分析、毒性鉴定和底栖群落结构变化三基元集成为一体的三轴图和相应的响应信息判断矩阵，基于现场生物响应的沉积物质量基准能较为清晰地指示乐安江流域表层沉积物中重金属污染的相对程度和分布模式，体现底栖生物对沉积物重金属污染的剂量-响应关系，为进一步制订该区域沉积质量管理标准、开展后续的污染治理与恢复工程提供技术保证和科学依据

Chemical analysisC and toxic testsT were combined with benthic macro invertebrates community structure alternationsB. Based on tri-axial graphs together with relevant matrix of decision-making, the initial bio-responsive sediment quality criteria clearly indicated the situation of heavy metal pollution, and showed the dose-response relationships between heavy metal contamination and benthic biotics. Moreover, the SQC may provide some basic material for establishment of sediment quality standardsSQS and for follow-up remediation engineering in the area.

通过将化学分析C、毒性鉴定T和底栖群落结构变化B三基元集成为一体的三轴图和相应的响应信息判断矩阵，基于现场生物响应的沉积物质量基准能较为清晰地指示乐安江流域表层沉积物中重金属污染的相对程度和分布模式，体现底栖生物对沉积物重金属污染的剂量-响应关系，为进一步制订该区域沉积质量管理标准 SQS、开展后续的污染治理与恢复工程提供技术保证和科学依据

Such as silver carp, bighead carp fry to eat the plankton, mostly in the upper heart water activities; grass, herring fry eat a large Cladocera and benthic organisms, mostly in shallow water edge of the activities.

如鲢、鳙的夏花吃浮游生物，多在水体中心上层活动；草、青鱼的夏花吃大型枝角类和底栖生物，多在水体边的浅处活动。

It is shown from the assessment results that (1) both the TN and TP fluxes discharged from the Changjiang River to the Changjiang River estuary sea area increased continuedly, the DIN concentration in the sea areas increased continuedly, and the Si concentration decreased continuedly, which resulted in the significant changes in N/P/Si ratios;(2) the chlorophyll a concentration in the sea areas increased continuedly, and the significant changes in community structure of phytoplankton occurred;(3) the species and biomass of benthos declined greatly, and the bottom oxygen-poor water area increased significantly;(4) the range and occurrence frequency of red tide events in the sea areas increased greatly, and the algal toxic infection events of mussel were frequently found in the sea areas.

结果表明，长江向长江口海域输送总氮和总磷通量持续增大，长江口及其邻近海域无机氮浓度持续增高而硅浓度持续下降，并由此导致N/P/Si与比值的显著变化；该海域叶绿素a浓度持续增大，浮游植物群落结构也发生了显著变化；该海域底栖生物种类和生物量都大大减少，底层水低氧区面积也显著扩大；该海域赤潮事件无论是规模还是频率都大大增加，藻类毒素DSP/PSP贻贝传染事件也时有发生。

Thrissakarnrnalensis was the basal pelagic phytoplankton feeder,while Trachurus japouicu was commonly feed in seagrass circumstance.GC/C-IRMS analysis was applied to fish,zooplankton and demersal species.

建立GC/C-IRMS技术测定生物体单分子脂肪酸碳稳定同位素的方法，应用于长江口毗邻海域主要生物种类带鱼、小黄鱼、黄鲫等海洋鱼类，桡足类、箭虫、水母等浮游动物，中国毛虾、周氏新对虾、中华管鞭虾等底栖生物的研究。

The Pennsylvanian strata contain abundant benthos fossoils, including kinds of reef-building organisms. These reef-building organisms built different reefs in which the main typs are Fomitchevella coral framework reefs, phylloid algae framework-barrier reefs, Ivanovia cf.

宾夕法尼亚亚纪地层中含有极为丰富的底栖生物化石，其中包括多种造礁生物并建造了不同类型的生物礁，主要礁体有：Fomitchevella珊瑚骨架礁、叶状藻骨架－障积礁、Ivanovia cf。

Chongming Dongtan wetland plant is composed by mariqueter grass scirpus community,reed communities and Spartina alterniflora communities.The resource of bird is rich,there are records of up to 136 kinds of water birds.

崇明东滩湿地的植被群落主要由海三棱藨草群落、芦苇群落和互花米草群落等组成；鸟类资源丰富，有记录的水鸟达136种；底栖生物大型底栖动物45种，隶属于5门7纲。

The contents of OM, KTN and TP in the sediment were so high that the negative effect to the zoobenthos and bio-geocenose was expected.

沉积物有机质、总氮、总磷水平对研究区底栖生物群落和生态环境构成了较大威胁。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。