底岩

Based on the analyse of the stratigraphic sequence of the Triassic and its covering strata and the Index of the Organic Metamorphic Maturity of conodont, the Triassic of the northern margin of the Gongdise-Nyainqentanglha Stratigraphic Region and the South of the Qiantang Stratigraphic Region was a promising target for the oil exploration.

通过三叠纪时期的沉积体系的时空演化序列，分析出三叠纪在冈底斯北缘、羌南地区形成了有利的生储盖的岩相配置，通过盆地热演化史和牙形石有机变质成熟度的分析，指出冈底斯一念青唐古拉地层区北缘和羌南的三叠系具有良好的油气勘探前景。

Based on the compared and simulated experiment, it was quantitively studied on the effect of macrobenthos (Ilyoplax deschampsin and Corbicula fluminea) on the exchange of nutrient across the sediment-water interface and the early diagenesis of nutrient in the tidal flat sediments from the Yangtze Estuary. Ilyoplax deschampsin and Corbicula fluminea affected the exchange of nutrient across the sediment-water interface by the different biological mechanisms.

本文依据长江河口滨岸潮滩大型底栖动物的自然分布特征，选取了两段典型的研究区域－崇明东部潮滩和浒浦岸段边滩，运用实验模拟和对比分析方法，定量地研究了大型底栖动物谭氏泥蟹和河蚬对潮滩生态系统中营养盐的界面扩散及其早期成岩变化的影响。

Himalaya, which formed on the basement of the Pan-African orogenic event at about 550 Ma BP and experienced Ordovician to Devonian platform sedimentation, was transformed into to a back-arc extensional-rifted zone at the end of the Carboniferous. The Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic mélange zone is a Mesozoic back-arc spreading basin corresponding to the Gangdise paleo-island arc zone on the south side of the Tethyan Ocean. The Gangdise zone experienced island-arc orogeny in the Late Paleozoic. The very significant differences in geology on both sides of the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone suggest that the suture zone is not only the northern boundary of Gondwanaland and the boundary between the Indian (Yunnan-Tibet) stratigraphic realm and the South China (Qiangtang-Sanjiang) stratigraphic realm, but also the relics of subductional collision and final extinction of the Phanerozoic Tethyan Ocean after the breakup of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. The basic point of study of the collisional orogenic processes of the plateau is the structure and composition of the archipelagic arc-basin tectonic realm of three different stages bounded by three rigid paleocontinental blocks (Gondwanaland, Laurasia and Pan-Cathaysian) and the mutual constraining, transformation and coupling of various material movement forms.

喜马拉雅奠基于5.5亿年左右的泛非造山事件基底上，历经奥陶纪至泥盆纪台地沉积，并于石炭纪末转化为印度板块北缘的弧后伸展裂陷带；雅鲁藏布江蛇绿混杂岩带曾是特提斯大洋南侧与冈底斯古岛弧带相对应的中生代弧后扩张盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了晚古生代岛弧造山作用；班公湖-怒江带两侧大量地质特征重大差异表明，班公湖-怒江带是冈瓦纳大陆北界，是印度地层区和华南地层区的分界，是新元古代Rodinia超大陆解体后显生宙特提斯大洋俯冲，消减，碰撞，最后消亡的遗迹。

Main recognition bases of the Gangdisê multiple island arc-basin system are:① tectonic pattern of collisional zones and island arc or landmass as strips alternating with blocks;②development of multiple arc volcanic-intrusive zones due to consumption of back-arc basin and arc-arc collision;③complicated paleogeographic and paleotectonic patterns shown by numerous sedimentary basin types and sedimentary facies association.

冈底斯构造带多岛弧—盆系统识别的主要依据有：①构造带中发育碰撞结合带与岛弧或陆块呈条块相间的大地构造基本格局；②发育多条由弧后盆地衰亡和弧—弧碰撞作用而形成的弧火山—侵入岩带；③众多的沉积盆地类型和沉积相组合，反映出冈底斯构造带具有复杂的古地理和古构造格局。

Base on above studies, some conclusions were obtained as follows:(1) ore-forming background of the studied ferromanganese crusts are mainly controlled by intensity of Antarctic Bottom Waters and variations of material source;(2) it is confirmed that the ferromanganese crusts are mainly hydrogenetic and their composition are affected by volcanic and continental material simultaneously; there are no obvious phosphatization reconstruction and element reaction occurred in them, so they have important paleoceanological significance;(3) from researches on element occurrence modes in the new-type ferromanganese crusts and the lying sediments, it is proposed that there is no great biological affection on the crusts formation and their composition mainly came from the adsorptive action of the ferromanganese oxides in them;(4) two major types of ore-controlling factors are identified through compilation of ore-controlling factors, which are geological and oceanic factors;(5) considering the long-term variation trends of the crusts composition, combing the U-series and 10Be isotope dating results, it is proposed that the ore-forming processes of ferromanganese crusts in the studied areas can be divided into three major stages (5.6~2.8 Ma, 2.8~2.7 Ma and since 2.7 Ma), and then the activities of AABW since the Late Miocene, changes of input flux coming from volcanic and continental material are confirmed.

通过研究，得出如下结论：(1)研究区铁锰结壳的成矿背景主要受控于南极底流强弱及物源供给的变化；(2)证实铁锰结壳主要为水成成因，同时其物质组成也受一定程度的火山和陆源物质的影响；结壳自形成以来没有遭受到明显的磷酸盐化等成岩后期改造和元素再迁移，具有重要的古海洋学意义；(3)通过新型铁锰结壳及下伏沉积物元素赋存状态的研究，认为生物作用对研究区结壳的形成并没有很大的直接影响，其物质成分主要来自于结壳中铁锰氧化物的吸附作用；(4)在控矿要素的研究中，归纳出了地质与海洋两大类结壳控矿要素；(5)根据结壳成分长周期变化趋势，结合铀系和10Be测年结果，将研究区结壳的形成过程划分为三个主要阶段(5.6~2.8 Ma，2.8~2.7 Ma和2.7 Ma以来)，并确定了晚中新世以来研究区南极底流的活动情况、火山和大陆来源物质输入量的变化。

New zircon U-Pb ages of the Chongjiang and the Qulong ore-bearing porphyries in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt are analyzed by using ELA-ICP-MS dating technique.

利用ELA-ICP-MS分析技术对冈底斯斑岩铜矿带冲江及驱龙含矿斑岩体进行锆石U-Pb年龄测定，所得到的年龄分别为14。

Sulfide further accumulates where depressions in the bottom of the sill interfere with the flow system and act as natural riffles.

岩床底上如有陷穴，就起到天然溜槽的作用，干扰了岩流体系，使硫化进一步堆积。

They are:①completed total 8 000 km long natural seismic profiles cross the northern boundary and central part of the plateau, identified several deep-cut lithospheric faults and low velocity and low density bodies under the central part of the plateau related to Cenozoic volcanic eruption, the Tarim block subducted beneath the Altun Mts;②found the evidence that the Altyn Tagh fault formed in 220～240 Ma and at least 400 km sinistral offset since, and determined quantitatively deformation in Cenozoic;③discovered 350 km long high-ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt in the south border of the Qilian terrane,which brobably represented the Early Paleozoic boundary between the North China and Yangtze plates;④according to new discoveries of caledonian ophiolite,granite are subducted complex established paleo-collision orogenic framework of northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau;⑤proposed a new model .

本文展示了中法1995～2000年青藏高原北部地学研究的如下主要新进展：①完成8 000 km长的青藏高原北部及中部天然地震岩石圈探测剖面，确定若干条岩石圈断裂，发现与新生代火山喷发有关的青藏高原中部深处的低速、低密度体，塔里木地块俯冲于阿尔金山之下；②提出阿尔金断裂形成于220～240 Ma和左行平移400 km的科学依据及确定其新生代变形量；③确定祁连南缘350 km长的高压-超高压变质带，提出其可能代表早古生代时期北中国板块与扬子板块之间西部界限的新认识；④根据加里东期蛇绿岩、花岗岩及俯冲杂岩带的新发现，初步建立了古碰撞造山格架；⑤提出高原隆升的&地幔底辟和内向陆内俯冲&的新假设。

One of coal, iron, gypsum, pyrite, magnesite, kyanite, barite, graphite, china clay ore, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, such as higher levels of mineral exploration, and industrial dolomite, limestone, refractory clay, bauxite and other mineral deposits at the end of the exploration degree.

其中煤、铁、石膏、硫铁矿、菱镁矿、蓝晶石、重晶石、石墨、瓷土矿、铜、钴、钼等矿产的勘查程度较高，而工业用白云岩、灰岩、耐火粘土、铝土矿等矿藏的勘查程度较底。

The Tinggong porphyry copper deposit is an important deposit in Gangdese PCD belt.

厅宫斑岩铜矿床是西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带上重要的矿床之一。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。