底层

That means you may find it is very difficult to tenderize the tough outer layer of lean meat on belly pork.

秘诀1。倘若要猪肉肥而不腻、入口即化，秘诀是切除猪腩肉的底层肉，原因在於现在的猪肉肉质有别於当年，尤其猪腩内的底层肉特别难焖得软嫩，就算加长焖的时间，亦不能解决此问题，只会将猪腩肉肥的部分煮融，瘦的部分仍然乾及硬，切除的底层肉可以留起放汤。

This paper models the underlying network topology as an Euclidean space and uses PCA to map this higher dimensional space to the lower dimensional logical space of CAN. So a peer's identifier is determined by its location in underlying network.

以对等网络系统CAN为基础，将底层网络拓扑建模为高维欧氏空间，使用主成分分析法将底层网络拓扑映射到低维CAN逻辑空间，从而根据节点在底层网络中的位置决定其在对等网络中的标识符。

As the disadvantaged groups in modernistic discourse, understratum can't expound on itself, so lots of critics make deep research on many aspects such as understratum and how it should be narrated.

作为现代性话语笼罩下的"弱势群体"，"底层"自身无法完成对自我的本意阐释，于是，众多的批评家纷纷以肯定或否定的阐释试图对"底层"和"底层如何被叙述"等问题进行深度研究。

Since the new century, many masterpieces on understratum narration reach considerable height and depth, we can find from them the new potentiality and wider space of humanitarianism and great vigor of realism in understratum narration.

新世纪以来，许多底层叙述的优秀作品让我们看到了底层叙述可以抵达的高度与深度，看到了人道主义在当代语境中进行底层叙述的新的发展可能和越来越宽广的空间，同时也看到了现实主义底层叙述的巨大力量。

Nowadays, it is essential for us to reconstruct the standpoint of intellectuals, to emphasize the importance of humanitarianism in understratum narration. Thus we can observe common people of the understratum with a horizontal angle of view, and reveal the spirit of the understratum to the inner sides of human nature and individual value in many aspects, reflecting the reality, ideas, and spirit of the understratum and the contemporaries as well. The aim is to safeguard the spiritual belief of the understratum, and to make humanitarianism the spiritual sustentation of the understratum narration.

所以在今天，我们有必要重建知识分子立场，重提人道主义关怀在底层叙述中的重要性，以一种平视的视角来观照当代中国底层民众的生存境况，以人本主义的关怀和同情，全方位展示底层民众的精神面貌，进而上升到人性、个体价值等层面，折射出底层以及这个时代的人们的生活现实、思想状态和精神实质，最终达到对底层精神信仰的呵护，让人道主义真正成为底层叙述的精神支撑。

Beginning with the controversy over the concept of understratum ,this article reveals the essence of understratum involved in modernistic discourse, and then expounds on the humanitarian solicitude and realistic standpoint which understratum Narration should stick to,by analyzing the object and misunderstanding of Understratum Narration.

本文首先从"底层"概念的论争入手，揭示现代性话语笼罩下"底层"的实质，进而通过对底层叙述主体和叙述误区的分析和阐释，阐明底层叙述所应当坚守的人道主义关怀和现实主义立场。

Through the simulate experiment, the studies on the eeffects of decomposition of the bait in a shrimp-pond on the water quality, changes of the water quality after the replacement of the seawater and after the removal of the remain bait coved the pond-bottom were done.

通过室内模拟实验，研究了虾塘底层残饵腐解对虾池水质的影响和更换虾池海水后底层水质质量的变化和清除覆盖于池底的残饵后池底底层水质的变化。

Many structural deficiencies and mistakes were highlighted, which including excessive horizontal displacement in the ground, more severe damaged transition layer (the first masonry structure layer), ground with farraginous structure, and poor construction quality. Finally, lateral stiffness ratio of the second to ground story in masonry buildings with RC frame structure at the bottom will be optimized following difference of materials between the ground floor and the upper floors. The strength and the ductility of transition layer, as well as shear walls in the ground floor, are crucial to keep the building standing during large earthquake.

在介绍和总结了汶川地震中底框砖房的表现―底层过大的水平侧移、过渡层严重破坏或完全坍塌、底层严重破坏或房屋完全倒塌、上部砌体整体发生侧移、以及设计一和施工质量良好的底层抗震墙砖房&大震不倒&的基础上，得出以下结论和建议：在抗震设防地区应禁止使用部分底框砖房，地震中过渡层的实际受力情况与设计所采用的受力状态有明显的区别，规范应考虑砌体和钢筋混凝土材料的不同力学性质来制定上下层刚度比要求，明确对过渡层的延性和强度要求，明确该类结构抗震概念设计的具体措施。

After heat treatment at 1100C in air, the elements of the substrate and the bond coat diffuse and the diffusion of Ni is an uphill diffusion. The layer of r " phase and the layer of A12O3 or NiAl2O4 were formed at the interface of the substrate and the bond coat and at the interface of the bond/top coat, respectively. The thickness of the r " phase and the oxide layer increases with the increase of the time of the heat treatment.

经1100℃热处理，基体和底层中元素发生了相互扩散，并在界面析出γ'相，γ'的存在使界面的结合为冶金结合；在底层／面层界面由于底层被氧化和Al与ZrO_2氧化还原反应形成Al_2O_3等氧化物，Y'和氧化物的厚度随热处理时间延长而增加。

Xiao Hongs works from the life experience of the individual, from the bottom of the elderly, the bottom male, female bottom, the bottom four children angle lens Xiao Hong to the suffering of our business to build the bottom of the world, to explore a certain historical period in the true colors of life and survival of the state.

从萧红作品中个体的生命体验出发，分别从底层老人、底层男性、底层女性、底层儿童四个角度来透视萧红给我们营筑的苦难的底层世界，探求人在一定历史时期的生命本相和生存状态。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。