应用数学

Then, the model error of the conicoid fitting method is detected by the BP algorithm of neural networks. Application to a practical project shows, the feasibility of the method, and some conclusions of practicable value are drawn.

然后，尝试用 BP神经网络方法来探测二次曲面拟合法的数学模型误差，通过某工程实例，证实了该方法的可行性，并得到了一些有工程应用价值的结论。

We use least squre method to form conicoid mathematic model and fit the point cloud which has been grouped by octree subdivision method.

应用最小二乘法建立二次曲面的数学模型，对于已用八叉树分组的点云数据实现隐函数拟合。

Its well known that the covolume methods (finite volume el-ement methods) are widely and successfully used in solving many mathematical-physical problems due to their simplicity and local conservation properties in recent years.

近年来，有限体积法因其具有局部守衡的性质且实施起来相对较为简单灵活而被广泛地应用于求解许多数学物理问题。

Aiming at researching on the theory of the shaft-kind parts form error evaluation and its application, on the basis of the analysis for the geometric model of the roundness error and cylindricity error, the linear programming models of the enclosure evaluation were proposed. According to the features of the proposed models, the solution of the optimization algorithms of linear planning was discussed to obtain accurate evaluation results.

为了对轴类零件形状误差评定理论及应用进行研究，在分析轴类零件的圆度、圆柱度误差评定几何模型的基础上，建立了包容拟合评定的规划数学模型，并针对模型的特点，探讨了使用线形规划的单纯形优化算法进行规划模型的求解，从而获得精确的形状误差评定结果。

Several models of cylindricity error evaluation,such as MZC,LSC,MCC and MIC,were given,a constriction factor model of the Particle Swarm Optimization was introduced.

建立了圆柱度误差评价的最小区域法、最小二乘法、最小外接圆柱法和最大内接圆柱法的数学模型，将一种含收敛因子的粒子群优化算法应用于圆柱度误差的目标函数的优化问题。

At the same time, the evaluations of pavement performance with FWD are researched based on the backcalculation results. We also analyse the mathematical basic of the solvability conditions for inverse problems, the dynamic problems of pavement and the dynamic backcalculation of subgrade modulus of PFWD (Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer).

同时，采用模量反算结果进行了FWD评价路面性能的应用研究，分析了反问题有解存在的数学基础，探讨了路面动力分析问题，并对PFWD的路基模量动力反算问题进行了研究。

In section four,we carry out two application stu-dies of using the dichotomously scoted IRT models to pol-ychotomous scored test data by means of dichotomizingpolychotomously scoted test data proposed in section two.

本文第四节用IRT对多级评分测验作了两项应用研究，对数学测验我们进行了项目分析，考察了该测验的信息函数，并对该测验的几种评分方法进行了比较分析。

It consists of three parts firstly,a large number of meshing data were measured out through three dismountable teeth installed along the radial direction of rigid wheel under loading status,secondly,the experimental curves of tangential force t and of radial force r inside meshing zone were gained by means of method of mathematica...

包括三部分：首先，在载荷状态下，通过安装在刚轮径向方向上三个可装、拆的活齿，测得大量的啮合数据；其次，通过数学统计方法获得啮合区内切向力Ft和径向力Fr的实验曲线；最后，应用函数逼近法获得载荷区内载荷分布方程

Whether there is a significant effect of surface thermal conductivity on heat transfer coefficient in dropwise condensation is a problem that has yet not been settled hitherto.

本文的主要研究工作如下：（1）应用随机分形模型构造了液滴的空间和尺度分布，在此基础上首次建立了珠状凝结换热数值模拟的数学模型。

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。