应用数学

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Therefore, the coordinate transformation method and related math software can be used for Lagrange modeling.

因此，对该类系统应用Lagrange方法建模时，可应用坐标变换的方法，利用数学软件推导，然后再线性化，得到系统的多自由度动力学方程。

The maths that theorem of cosine of article solicit comments uses education to talk how to foster 5 years to make high post student uses consciousness and capacity.

本文就正余弦定理应用教学来谈谈如何培养五年制高职学生的数学应用意识和能力。

This method dexterously inverts the three-dimension problem into two dimension and properly uses interpolating method. It also can be applied in the other sensor that has same problem.

该方法巧秒地把一个三维的问题转化成二维问题，并加以合理地应用插值数学方法，可以推广应用到存在相似问题的其他类型传感器中。

In view of the demand of the actual application, mathematical derivation of the basic principle of three discrete spectrum correction methods is proposed emphatically in the paper, too. With the help of the virtual testing software LabVIEW, the detailed course of the correction algorithm is carried out.

考虑到实际应用的需要，本文重点对几种常用校正方法的基本原理进行了数学推导，并在虚拟测试工具——LabVIEW中实现算法过程，通过信号仿真验证了各种校正方法的精度和应用场合。

To strengthen the inequality symbol with the training, 2. to expanse the applications of trigonometric functions to polar coordinates and Parameter equation, 3. to adjust Permutation and combinationwith Probability and Statistics, 4.to strengthen applications of Higher Geometry in the Elementary Geometry.

对此问题本文试着从中学数学教学的角度，在以下几个方面进行探讨：1 加强带符号的不等式的训练，2 扩充三角函数在参数方程和极坐标中的应用，3 排列组合与概率统计的调整，4 高等几何在初等几何中的应用。

Based on a kind of orthogonal complete functions in L2[0,1], another one (called V-system) which has equivalence relation with U-system is created. It is a kind of new and effective mathematical tool on signal multi-resolution analysis. Besides that V-system keeps the favorable properties of U-system and can accurately reconstruct geometry information which expressed in piecewise polynomials by finite sum of functions in V-system, it has more special properties, such as simple construction, abundant levels, convenience of application, quick calculation, local support, and so on. V-system is the generalization of Haar orthogonal functions, and to be a class of wavelet base. It has a good future for some applications in the fields of wavelet analysis and signal processing.

从L2[0，1]空间的一类正交完备函数系U系统出发，构造了另一类与之等价的正交完备函数系，称之为V系统，它是信号多分辨分析方面的一种新型的、有效的数学工具。V系统不仅保持了U系统的优良特性，对多项式表达的几何信息能够做到有限项精确重构，并且较之U系统，它更有结构简单、层次分明、计算快捷、局部支集等特点，应用起来将更加灵活方便。V系统可以看作是Haar函数系的推广，是一类小波基，在某些数字信号处理及小波分析问题中有良好的应用前景。

The experiment results of φ460×600mm ball mill show that the mathematical models established with φ350×450mm ball mill have fair universality and adaptability. The established mathematical models can be applied to different size ball mills if the different coefficients are introduced.

460×600mm球磨机试验结果表明，在φ350×450mm球磨机上建立的数学模型具有一定的普遍性和适用性，只要引入不同的修正系数，即可将所建立的数学模型应用到不同规格的球磨机上。

The archive will be divided into four categories:"Made in Britain", which examines important discoveries in science and technology that have led to new industrial applications;"A Changing Planet", which focuses on geology and environmental sciences;"The Factory of Life", which will investigate how new technologies have changed medical practices; and "Cosmologies", which will take in mathematics, mathematical physics, cosmology, astronomy, statistics, and high-energy physics.

这份口路档案将分成四大类：&英国制造&，主要调查推动工业应用的重大科技发现；&正在改变的地球&，主要着眼于地理与环境科学；&生命工厂&，主要探究新技术史如何改变医疗实践的；最后，&宇宙哲学&，将囊括数学，数学物理，宇宙学，天文学，统计学，高能物理等领域。

After created by Gibbs and Heaviside, modern vector theory is applied to branches of physics and mathematics, especially electromagnetics.

吉布斯和亥维赛的向量理论创立后，随着物理学和数学的进一步发展，物理学家和应用数学家开始大量地把向量语言用在物理学和数学的各个分支。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。