应用数学

Although Xing Yunlu's work did not go beyond the mathematic level of Shoushi Computus, it had showed that higher-level mathematics knowledge is also necessary for the scholars in the Ming Dynasty to develop the traditional calendrical astronomy, and the astronomers had provided with some necessary mathematics knowledge in the late Ming Dynasty.

邢云路的此项工作表明，在明代传统天文历法中仍然需要应用较高水平的数学知识，而且历算家也具备了一定的水准，而以往认为的明代天文历法研究没有向数学提出更高要求是导致明代数学发展衰落主要原因之一的观点是需要修正的，至少到明末时期已经随着对传统历法研究的深入而对数学提出了更高的要求。

Mathematics: Understands and applies basic and advanced properties of the concepts of geometry; Use the Pythagorean theorem and its converse and properties of special right triangles to solve mathematical and real-world problems; Understands the basic concepts of right triangle trigonometry (e.g., basic trigonometric ratios such as sine, cosine, and tangent); Uses trigonometric ratio methods to solve mathematical and real-world problems (e.g., determination of the angle of depression between two markers on a contour map with different elevations); Uses properties of and relationships among figures to solve mathematical and real-world problems e.g., uses the property that the sum of the angles in a quadrilateral is equal to 360 degrees to square up the frame for a building; uses understanding of arc, chord, tangents, and properties of circles to determine the radius given a circular edge of a circle without the center

数学：理解和应用几何概念的初级和高级特性；用毕德哥拉斯定理、逆定理以及特殊直角三角形性质解决数学的和现实世界的问题；理解基本的直角三角形三角比；运用三角比方法解决数学的或现实的问题。（等高线图上的两个标记之间的俯角确定）运用形体之间的关系及其属性解决数学的或现实的问题（利用四边形内角和等于360度来为建筑物框架取正，运用弧，弦，切线和圆的性质确定缺少中心的一段圆弧的圆心

A mathematics model in the form of differential equation was constructed base on the theory of motor timing. Then the model was changed into the form of transfer function.

应用交流电机调速理论，建立了船舶电力推进系统的微分方程形式的数学模型，再将其转化为传递函数形式的数学模型，应用Matlab语言进行了动态特性仿真计算。

Based on the application of elementary function, this article discusses the key points on setting up the mode in mathematics teaching and learning, several problems that should be paid to more attention, and how to use it in mathematics classroom teaching.

摘要通过对初等函数的应用进行了数学建模教学尝试，并对数学建模教学的关键以及数学建模教学应注意的几个问题等方面阐述了如何进行数学建模的课堂教学。

By illustrating "the graphical solution to linearity programming problems of two fluent" and " geometric sequence summation", the author demonstrates the mathematics application in manufacturing enterprises and daily life and the importance and necessity to reinforce it.

文章通过"两个变量线性规划问题的图解法"和"等比数列求和"的两个实例，说明数学在生产企业、日常生活中的应用，阐明了加强数学应用教学的重要性和必要性。

The problem of using thermocouple is introduced, and different methods of building mathematical model of thermocouple characteristic are discussed.

简单介绍了当前热电偶应用存在的问题，分析了建立热电偶特性的数学模型的各种方法，并提出了应用前向多层神经网络建立热电偶特性数学模型的方法及其优势。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

According to the foundings and results of the research, this reportputs forward the objective of introducing foreign genetical materials andthe method and measurements of cultivating new varieties consideringthe germplasm resources of Chinese alfalfa germplasm resources.

在数量分类的基础上，应用双重筛选逐步回归分析建立了中国苜蓿遗传属性与环境生态因子梯度相关的数学模型，反映了DCA排序与水分和热量的数学关系。应用这些模型可以预测中国苜蓿基因生态类型的时空格局。

This dissertation provides a rigorous definition of Internet GIS based on analyzing lots of the latest theories and applications and thoroughly researching in the properties and problems of Internet GIS. The conception of Internet GIS including literal and mathematical description defines its computing model, application model and the relationship among software inscapes which are operation, data and flow, and so lays a solid foundation for theory research.

本文在分析了大量应用的基础上，综合当前计算机发展的最新动态，对于Internet GIS的特点和需要解决的问题作了深入和详细的研究，建立了Internet GIS的严格的定义，包括文字和数学描述，确定了其计算模型和应用模型以及软件构成三元组，即空间操作、空间数据、流动关系，以及它们之间的数学关系，为Internet GIS的理论研究奠定了基础。

This paper mainly introduces several different methods to prove the mid-value theorem, at the same time the mid-value theorem is applied in the mathematical theory, such as the application and mathematical modeling.

本文主要推荐几种不同的方法证明微分中值定理，同时对微分中值定理加以应用，如在数学理论中和数学建模中的应用。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。