应用层

On defining the conditional threshold of discretized density evolution, a method for designing the time-invariant quantized decoder with finite levels, which can approach the optimal time-varying one and hence the continuous decoding, is proposed.

应用Shannon率失真理论以及密度进化理论，阐述了最佳量化译码的时变特性，建立了离散密度进化的条件阈值概念，提出了二元输入对称信道上逼近最佳时变量化译码、进而接近连续译码的时不变量化译码设计方法，推导了量化和积算法与最小和算法的等价条件，从误码率性能、错误平层和平均迭代次数等三个指标全面衡量量化译码性能； 5。

The effect of thermal conductance of the component and the contact layer on output power and efficiency was discussed.

建立了热电发电器件工作的一维模型，应用热力学理论分析了发电器件的输出功率和效率，并重点讨论了元器件热导及热端板、冷端板与元器件间的接触层热导对输出功率和效率的影响。

In classical method, the author has generalized the results of Chen, Sun and Li (1995), and given classical lower confidence limit of average life, reliability and reliable life of exponential distribution.

最后，介绍了本文的主要创新点：(1)提出了先验分布、多层先验分布的构造方法——减函数法、增函数法，并给出了它们在无失效数据问题中的应用。

As a connection component of superstructure and soil, raft foundation has found a wide application in multiple-story structure in China.

筏板基础作为上部结构与地基的过渡连接结构在我国的多层建筑中有着很广泛的应用。

This paper reviews the major methodological issues in cross-cultural research,covering topics in research design,measurement,and data analysis.From a design perspective,the paper begins with the use of consilience methods to strengthen causal inferences in cross-cultural research.Th...

作者首先从研究设计的角度分析如何通过汇聚方法加强检验跨文化研究的因果关系的能力，然后分析跨文化研究中测量对等性(measurement invariance/equivalence)问题以及相关的统计方法，最后简要介绍了多层线性模型在跨文化研究中的应用、并讨论跨文化研究方法的发展趋势。

In chapter 6, ACS algorithm is used to resolve the Constrained Via Minimization problem in multi-layer routing.

我们将蚁群算法首次应用到多层布线的通孔最小化问题中。

There are no chips produced in the course of processing,flanging structures of corrugation wer...

微沟槽多齿犁削成形方法可以实现快速加工，并且降低加工成本，有利于微通道薄片在层叠式微反应器中的推广应用。

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of multi-slice spiral CTA in diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm.

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断颅内动脉瘤的应用价值。

Cases of them are compared between DSA examination and CTA results.

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影在颈动脉狭窄诊断中的应用价值及技术优势。

Back in the water for a couple of minutes, then apply cuticle remover and leave on for a minute or so.

回到水中几分钟，然后再应用去除角质层和休假的一分钟左右。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。