应用层

In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

现分述如下： LMTO方法及其应用方面：1）通过对Nb（100）表面电子态分析发现清洁理想表面有三个表面态，多层弛豫表面有两个表面态；表面能大小说明多层弛豫表面更稳定，支持了LEED结果。2）通过对采用不同方法获得的几种不同Ag（111）表面稳定结构的表面能计算分析，给出了单层弛豫表面为Ag（111）表面的最稳定结构；从Ag（111）单层弛豫表面和Ag（001）表面的表面能比较，发现了Ag（001）表面表面能要比Ag（111）小的，表明了同种物质不同表面取向将表现出不同物理、化学性质，这是与实验中得出的结论是吻合的，3）通过对Si（111）表面态分析，不仅发现了Si（111）表面不仅具有居于费米能级附近的悬挂键所对应的表面态，而且还有很多表面态位于价带能量范围内，与Cohen等结果一致，H饱和slab模型背表面相当于增加了slab层的厚度，是一有效的变相增加slab层厚的方法，弛豫表面较清洁理想表面价带谱们低能端的少许移动，预示着总能降低，说明弛豫表面较清洁理想表面稳定。4）MoSi〓具有三种表面，从费米能级上态密度值大小得到单层Si表面最稳定，Mo原子为表层原子的表面最不稳定，双层Si原子表面居中的结论，这与Kemoda等人实验结果是一致的。5）通过对CdTe（111）表面表面电子态、表面结构稳定性及表面H、碱金属吸附的电子结构系列研究，不仅得出了CdTe（111）清洁及碱金属K吸附价带谱与同步辐射光电子谱相吻合的结果，而且发现了CdTe（111）表面具有四类不同原子近邻特征，表现出四类不同的表面结构及电子结构特征：不同表面态分布、不同的表面结构稳定性（表层原子与次层原子成三键有一悬挂键的表面要比表层原子与次层原子成一键有三悬挂键稳定（与Wu等人实验结果一致））、不同的H吸附特性。

The physical and mechanical properties of diabase, the index of asphalt mixture with diabase aggregate, the performance index of experimental section were obtained which fully proved the feasibility of the usage of diabase in wearing surface layer. Finally, the construction technics was put forward.

本文通过室内试验和现场试验的方式，对辉绿岩作为沥青混凝土上面层集料的应用进行研究，得出了辉绿岩集料的各种物理、力学性质，辉绿岩拌制的沥青混合料的各项指标，试铺路段各种路用指标，证明了辉绿岩作为沥青混凝土上面层集料是完全可行的；最后提出辉绿岩作为沥青混凝土上面层集料应用的施工工艺。

As the application of the intermediate models is concerned, the works applying the intermediate models to investigate the topographic boundary layer, frontogenesis and low-level frontal structures, and the boundary layer jet are summarized in this article. It is mainly focused on the dynamic characteristics of the Ekman layer and its effect on the low-level structure and circulation of the weather systems illustrated by the models. It is shown that the intermediate boundary-layer models have great potential in illustrating the low level structures of the weather and climate systems as they are coupled with the free atmospheric models.

对于这些Ekman边界层近似理论模型的进一步应用问题，主要回顾和总结了利用上述模型探讨地形边界层结构、大气锋生过程、低层锋面结构和环流以及边界层日变化、低空急流形成等动力学问题的研究，并对这些研究所揭示的Ekman层动力学特征及其对自由大气低层运动的影响进行了分析，结果表明，这些Ekman边界层近似模型可以较好地揭示大气边界层动力学特征，在大气边界层动力学及其与自由大气相互作用的研究上具有重要价值。

Based on the evaluation of rock mechanics properties of undrilling formation, a fuzzy optimization model for selecting the best similar layers with the same rock mechanics properties was established by applying theory of fuzzy optimization. Firstly the best similar layer located the undrilled area was chosen by the model. Secondly the performance of the bit used in the selected layer was evaluated by economic benefit index.

该方法在待钻地层岩石力学性质评价的基础上，首先应用模糊优选理论建立了地层岩石力学性质相似层位的模糊优选模型，用其进行相似层位的优选，然后应用经济效益指数法对相似层位的钻头性能进行评价，最后给出合理的钻头选型结果。

Fine calibration for horizon, bed plane analysis techniques,seismic coherence data analysis,high resolution impedance inve...

在应用解释系统中放大地震剖面、时间切片、椅式切片和三维可视化等常规解释功能的基础上，结合精细层位标定、层面解释分析技术、地震相干数据分析技术和高分辨率波阻抗反演等多种技术开展小断层的研究，避免了 1m～ 2 m薄储层断失；应用地质统计学方法进行动态时深转换，提高密集井网区构造解释精度；进行全三维的层面和断面成图，指导复杂条件的井位调整；总结出构造发育特征与储层有效厚度分布的关系。

The research of this dissertation is imbursed in NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (the serial number:40174039, 49874030) andTahe oil field rock physics research topic (the serial number: P01058) of Sinopec"exploration and application of complex medium seismic wave transmitting rule"project and national science and technology tackle key problem project (the serialnumber: BA605A-05-01 in 2001) under union subsidization and under departmentscientific research project assistance, in allusion to the complex changeable reservoirprediction question, the nonlinear dynamics science in brand-new concept, the theoryand the algorithm are introduced and applied during the reservoir prediction and theevaluation, based on the oil-gas fracture-cave reservoir physics model tests andanalyses, having founded the new reservoir prediction theory and the methodtechnology.

本论文研究是在国家自然科学基金NSFC(编号：40174039、49874030)、中石化&复杂介质地震波传播规律探索及其应用&项目塔河油田岩石物理研究专题(编号：P01058)和国家科技攻关项目(编号：2001年BA605A-05-01)的联合资助下及部门科学研究项目的协助下，针对复杂多变的储层预测问题，将动力学非线性科学中的全新概念、理论和算法引入和应用于储层预测与评价之中，结合油气缝洞储层物理模型实验成果，创建了新型的储层预测理论和方法技术。

To the complicated reservoirs and oil-water relation, the author employs fine structure interpretation, undee aberration technology, fuzzy NN, multi-well inversion, reservoir modeling and forecast, seismic facies interpretation and 3D visualization to increase the descriptive precision of complicated reservoir, and applies the stacked processing technology of 3D seismic data to provide a technical support for the drilling development in the eastern Daqing area.

并针对油田开发难度逐年增大，储层条件和油水关系日趋复杂的情况，综合应用精细构造解释、波形畸变技术、模糊神经网络技术、多井约束反演、储层正演技术、储层预测技术、地震相解释技术及三维可视化技术，提高了复杂岩性油藏的描述精度，并应用三维地震资料连片处理技术，为大庆外围东部地区后继的钻井开发提供技术保障。

The morphology and structure of reconstructed tissue was detected by microscope and scanning electron microscope.Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the cellular proportion of laminin group increased in 62 ~M phase, and decreased in Go~Gi phase significantly. As shown by the microscope, the cells of control group were in low density. The cells in mass connected tightly. The microfilament appeared reticular formation. The nucleus were the same in size. The cells of laminin group were in high density and put out so many lamellipodia, filopodia, which connected with the surrounding cells. The microfilament increased, elongated, and changed from reticulodromous to sarciniform, which reached to the pseudopods. The nucleus were different in size .(2) As shown by the inverted microscope and the cell growth curve, comparing with the controlgroup, cells of each test group increased evidently. The cellular proportion of each test group increased in S phase and G2 ~M phase, and decreased in Go~Gi phase significantly, but there was no considerable interations between LN and EGF;(3) As shown by the morphological observations, the cultured cat corneal endothelial cells formed an integrated membrane, and attached to the Descemets membrane closely, which was similar to the natural tissue. The cells connected tightly to each other, and some of them arranged in hexagon approximately.

结果：(1)层粘连蛋白组处于G_2～M期细胞比例较对照组显著提高，Go～G_1期细胞比例显著下降，提示层粘连蛋白促进内皮细胞DNA合成，及细胞分裂增殖；光镜下，对照组细胞分布成团状，细胞密度较低，细胞间连接紧密，细胞内微丝结成网状，细胞核大小一致；与对照组相比，层粘连蛋白组细胞生长旺盛，细胞密度高，向周边伸出大量板状及丝状伪足，细胞内微丝增多、拉长、集结成束，伸入伪足中，细胞核形状大小不一致；(2)倒置显微镜观察及细胞生长曲线显示，各组细胞数目随时间增加而明显增多，各实验组较对照组增生显著，EGF和LN联合应用组各时间点细胞数目最高；实验组处于S期和G_2～M期细胞数目增加，Go～G_1期细胞数目减少；提示EGF、LN单独及联合应用均可促进细胞增殖，但尚不能认为二者有交互作用；(3)倒置显微镜下，组织培养的猫角膜内皮细胞排列成密集的单层，细胞间连接紧密；组织学观察发现，培养的猫角膜内皮细胞形成完整的内皮层，贴附于脱水基质的后弹力膜上，与正常的角膜内皮组织结构相似；扫描电镜下，组织培养的猫角膜内皮细胞间紧密镶嵌排列，可见某些细胞呈近似六边形排列，细胞大小不甚一致，胞核清晰。

As an application server mode based on the Web, the system introduces three-hierarchy structure corresponding to its three-class processing logic directly, that is, adding a middleware or application server between client computer and server.

其计算基于Web应用服务器模式，采用与三层处理逻辑对应的三级体系结构，即在客户机和服务器两层模式间增加一个中间层，即应用服务器，以与三层处理逻辑直接对应。

The results indicate that the force-deflection curve of sandwich beam under bending load is different from that of cast iron, its absorbed energy and cushion is similar to that of foam aluminum.

结果表明，层合梁在弯曲载荷作用下的力－挠度曲线变化规律不同于铸铁，具有与泡沫铝相同的吸能和缓冲特性，显示良好的层合效果；层合梁与泡沫铝梁的弯曲变形过程相似，在工程应用中有着良好的应用前景。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。