应用化学

Dynamic expressions of TNF-α were observed in the DM rats' sciatic nerve by immunohistochemical methods.

应用免疫组织化学的方法观察TNF-α在大鼠下肢坐骨神经中的动态表达规律。

Applications in quantitative structure activity property relation ships, structural elucidation of organic compounds, spectro scopic data analysis, chemical reactivity,process optimization, diagnosis and control of breakdowns, and protein structures are summarized.

关于神经网络在化学中的应用，该文介绍了6 个方面：定量结构2活性性质相关性研究，有机化合物结构解析，光谱的数据处理，化学反应性，流程优化，故障诊断及控制，蛋白质结构。

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to examine the expression of PTEN, P27 and cyclin D1 in 58 cases of human colorectal carcinoma, 58 cases of tumor sideward mucosa and 14 cases of normal colorectal mucosa.

应用免疫组织化学方法检测58例大肠癌组织、58例癌旁组织和14例正常大肠黏膜中PTEN、 p27和cyclin D1蛋白的表达情况。

Positive expressive rate of cyclin D1 in colorectal carcinoma was 60.34%（35/58）, which was higher than that in tumor sideward mucosa and normal colorectal mucosa.

应用免疫组织化学方法检测58例大肠癌组织、58例癌旁组织和14例正常大肠黏膜中PTEN、 p27和cyclin D1蛋白的表达情况。

Accordingly a further feature of the invention is a combined process wherein a dialkyl phenylethylmalonate is made from an alkyl phenylacetate and a dialkyl carbonate by a process comprising adding to a quantity of sodium which is covered with a hydrocarbon solvent boiling above 100°C, at least a chemically equivalent proportion of a lower aliphatic alcohol, subsequently adding an approximately equivalent proportion of a dialkyl carbonate and of an alkyl phenylacetate, heating the mixture to induce reaction and continuously distilling out the alcohol formed from the reaction zone and finally causing the sodio diethyl phenylmalonate so obtained to interact with an ethylating agent, such as ethyl halide, diethyl sulphate of ethyl p-toluene-sulphonate.

因此，本发明的另一个应用是一个组合工艺过程：二烷基苯基乙基丙二酸酯由烷基乙酸苯酯和二烷基碳酸酯得到，具体工艺过程是：向覆盖有沸点超过一百摄氏度的团庆化合物溶剂的金属钠中添加至少化学平衡的低级脂肪族醇，然后加入大约相同当量的二烷基碳酸酯和烷基乙酸苯酯，加热混合物引导反应进行，持续蒸馏把形成的醇类从反应区域移出，最后使获得的二乙基苯基丙二酸酯和乙基化试剂如卤代乙烷，二乙基硫酸酯形成乙基p-甲苯磺酸酯。

This Ph.D. thesis describes further studies on theformation of fluorinated phosphorus ylide-anions resultingfrom organometallics and their reactions, stereochemistry andapplications in organic synthesis. We found that inverse stereochemical results wereobserved in the reaction of the fluorinated ylide-anions withvarious proton donors.

本博士论文进一步研究了用有机金属试剂对含氟膦叶立德的亲核加成导致的叶立德阴离子的反应性、立体选择性及其在有机合成中的应用：首次发现含氟叶立德阴离子在与不同的质子化试剂作用时，反应呈现完全相反的立体化学结果。

Work 工作:(1) feasible process development for high-pure tetraalkyphosphonium salt as catalysts for polymerizations, potential sale 2-4 million us$;(2) simple and feasible preparation process for phosphonium salt as ionic liquids, biocides and phase transfer catalysts;(3) new and industrially feasible processes for highly sterically hindered alkylphosphines as catalyst ligands, these include tricyclohexyl-phosphine, phosphorinanes and dsmphos2,3- bis(9-phosphabicyclononylbutane;(4) sterically hindered dialkylphosphinic acid as new generation of co/ni extractant;(5) alkylphosphonium wittig reagents and the wittig reactions with them;(6) exploration of the application of borane chemistry in the synthesis of highly sterocally hindered organophosphines;(7) customer preparation of samples of a variety of organophosphorus compounds for customers all over the world.

用作高分子聚合反应催化剂的高纯度四烷基瞵盐的实用生产流程。产品销售前景 2-4 百万美元；(2)用作离子化液体，杀菌剂和相转移催化剂的烷基瞵盐的简单实用合成方法；(3)高位阻烷基磷化氢催化剂配体的工业实用合成路线的研究，这包括，三环己烷基磷， phosphorinanes 和 dsmphos 2，3-bis(9-phosphabicyclononylbutane ；(4)高位阻二烷基膦酸金属萃取剂的工业实用合成路线的研究；(5)烷基膦 wittig 反应试剂的研究；(6)硼化学在高位阻烷基磷化氢合成中的应用；(7)为世界各地提供顾客合成服务。

This article introduces the naming, properties, usage,chemical structure and sensitization principal of the photoemulsion madeof styryl phridine salts.

本文详细介绍了有机苯乙烯基吡啶盐树脂感光胶的命名、性能特点、用途、化学结构及其感光原理、使用该胶制备网印版的方法及国外应用概况，并对此种感光胶的主要成分的光化反应机理进行了论述。

We also introduced spectrophotometer into the analysis of sulfamate type electrolete to measure the content of nickel sulfamate for the first time. This method is much easier than the conventional chemistry titration, it can be accomplished within one minute. Furthermore, it enhances significantly the precision of the measurement.

在电铸液分析中，我们首次将分光光度法应用于氨基磺酸盐型镍电铸液中氨基磺酸镍的测定，该方法较传统的化学滴定法操作更简单，它可以在1分钟内完成氨基磺酸镍浓度的测定，且大幅提高了分析结果的精确度，样品的消耗量仅为原来的千分之一。

MUC5AC apomucin was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Results: MUC5AC apomucin was distributed in the 1/3 superjacent gastric mucosa (100％).

应用免疫组织化学SP法检测人正常胃粘膜、癌前病变粘膜以及胃癌组织中MUC5AC核粘蛋白的表达。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。