应用化学

Generally speaking, the reaction types involvingα-oxoketene--acetals mainly include the regioselective addition-aromatization with organometallic reagents, conjugate addition-cyclization with nitrogen nucleophilicspecies, nucleophilic reactions ofα-carbon, acting as odorless dithiol equivalentsin thioacetalization, Michael additions and [5+1] annulation, as well as the synthetic applications based on the above reactions.

一般来说，基于α-羰基二硫缩烯酮化学的反应主要为：与金属有机试剂的选择性加成反应，与氮亲核体的共轭加成反应，α-碳原子的亲核性及相关反应，烷硫基作为硫醇的替代试剂的应用，α-羰基二硫缩烯酮在碳环、杂环化合物合成中的应用等。

The works in the project just done can be summarized as five respects.(1) A device was designed to fabricate the asymmetrical resonant cavities by a pendant drop. A series ARCs with variable parameters provides a valuable experimental method for investigating the characteristics of ARCs.(2) The relationship between the number of active modes and the shape parameters in an ARC was investigated. The experimental lasing threshold was compared with theoretical result, the good agreement between two shown that it was the decrease of the number of active modes in an ARC that decreased lasing threshold.(3) Dye lasing gain was used to enhance the signals of stimulated Raman scattering of the weak gain Raman modes in a circular cavity made by a pendant drop, the instantaneous SRS spectra of weak gain Raman modes in ethanol was obtained by this new method.(4) The SRS signals of minority compound in a binary chemical complex was obtained by using dye lasing gain method. The detection concentration of minority compound was reduced to an order compared with normal SRS method.(5) A cylindrical circular cavity was formed by a liquid jet, which was used to reduce the pump intensity required for laser induced plasma spectroscopy. The limit of detection of trace element in aqueous sample was greatly decreased by this new method.

我们设计并成功制作了使悬垂液滴连续变形的装置，用此装置可以方便地改变非圆对称谐振腔的几何参数，为ARCs的研究提供了一种有效的实验方法；研究了ARCs中活性模式数和变形参数间的变化规律，激光阈值的数值计算结果和激光辐射的实验结果作了比较，二者吻合的曲线说明ARCs中活性模式数量的减少是受激辐射放大阈值降低的原因；在由单元化合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，首次尝试用"激光增益"增强弱增益拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射信号，获得了乙醇分子中弱增益拉曼模式的瞬态SRS光谱；在由二元混合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，用染料的激光增益增强了少量化合物的SRS信号，把少量化合物的SRS信号探测浓度降低了近一个数量级，在SRS应用于瞬态过程的组份分析方面做了卓有成效的探索；用石英毛细管形成的稳定液拄构成拄形谐振腔，降低了激光诱导等离子体光谱需要的激励能量，有效地降低了水相样品的痕量元素分析极限，为LIPS应用于微量元素的化学分析开拓了一条新的技术路线。

The microwave absorption of some organic solvents and binary system solutions was studied at 9590 MHz and room temperature.

古口1弓目前，越来越多的人开始关注微波在化学领域中的应用，特别是在有机合成中的应用'j。

As the development of monoclonal antibody and quantitated fluorescent cytochemistry technique, FCM has been used more extensively in biology, clinical medicine, pharmacology, material and so on.

本文就流式细胞术的发展历史、流式细胞仪的原理及在各领域的应用进行综述，阐明现代流式细胞术由于结合单克隆抗体技术、定量荧光细胞化学技术，使其在生物学、临床医学、药物学、材料学等众多研究领域中的应用有更加突飞猛进的发展。

RESULTSdiabetic rats showed typical symptoms involving elevated serum glucose and weight loss (2)The rats in DM+VaD group reacted slower and made more error numbers in Y-maze than the rats in VaD group did, with a prolonged total reacting time in a whole day.(3)More neurons with serious damages, such as edema, ischemia or pyknosis could be found in DM+VaD group than in VaD group. More disarrangement of cone neurons, obvious glia proliferation, and more neuron apoptosis were found in CA area of hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS (1)2-VO in STZ-induced diabetic rats succeeded in establishing VaD animal models.(2) The cognitive dysfunction induced by VaD rats had been deteriorated by diabetes mellitus.(3)Morphology evidences proved that diabetes mellitus aggravated brain damages induced by VaD.PART II Effect of diabetes mellitus on the cholinergic nervous systemin CA1 area of hippocampus of VaDOBJECTIVE To estimate the role of cholinergic nervous system in hippocampus during the process of cognitive dysfunction aggravated by diabetes mellitus in DM+VaD group. METHODS Observe the changes of ChAT protein by immunohistochemistry stain. Chose three rats randomly from each group at each pointat two week, four week, and eight week, then sepa

经腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导慢性实验性糖尿病，1周后永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉(2-VO)制作VaD模型记录术后2周、4周和8周各组大鼠的体重及血糖；应用Y-迷宫检测空间定向学第二军医大学博士论文中…丈摘…要1ia；一色恤~﹁染澎糕行HE染色观察组织病理学孪叱；胶质细胞原纤维酸性蛋白protellZ，Cf冰尸标记观察星形胶质细舱的激活情况、橄声软公点娜育票票众糯黑橄居端粗默孺篇筑价井袱第二部分糖尿病对血管性痴呆大鼠海马c心区胆碱能神经系统的影响探讨海马CAI区胆碱能神经系统在糖尿病加重确D一大鼠认知障碍中所实验动物及分组同第一部分，应用免疫组织化学染色方法现察海马CAI{介狱牛第晕军l袭拔常博粗{论义

Electrothermal plasma devices are of great importance in electrothermal or electrothermal chemical launchers and many other technological applications.

脉冲消融毛细管等离子体发生器产生的等离子体射流具有高密度和相对低温的特性在电热发射和电热化学发射以及其他科学研究和工业应用领域都具有潜在的应用前景。

Antibody of mouse against rat of glial fibrilla acidic protein used to labeling astrocytes of the brain and antibody of rabbit against rat of c-fos labeling c-fos protein in the brain. The second fluorescence antibodies were FITC and Cy3, respectively. Observations of the results and quantitative analysis were conducted with LSCM.

在本实验中，我们应用免疫组织化学的双标方法，用小鼠抗大鼠胶质原纤维酸性蛋白标记大鼠脑内的星形胶质细胞，用兔抗大鼠c-fos标记大鼠脑内的c-fos蛋白，分别应用FITC和Cy3标记的荧光二抗来显示，最后用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜进行观察并定量分析。

The test of nuclear fuel and materials is one of the most important applications of China Advanced Research Reactor. A high-temperature and high-pressure test loop is being planed in the construction of CARR application platforms. The loop simulates the operating environment such as linear power of fuel rod, coolant pressure, flow velocity, temperature and water chemistry, etc.

核燃料和材料试验研究是即将建成的中国先进研究堆的重要应用之一，因此在现在的CARR应用平台建设规划中，将建立一个高温高压试验回路，模拟压水堆燃料元件运行条件(例如燃料棒线功率、冷却剂压力、流速、温度和水化学等)，用于今后的压水堆燃料和材料堆内试验研究。

Each 1 μL site of spinal cord receiving 109 /L OECs at the speed of 1μL/ min. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology change of spinal cord was detected by light microscope and electronmicroscope, secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor was measured by immunohistochemistry and PT-PCR, and the combine behavioral score was used to assess the functional recovery of spinal cord. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry result showed that OECs transplantation could partly reduce the number of apoptosis cells in spinal gray matter, delay cells reduction in spinal white matter, and accelerate the medullary sheath repair and regeneration.

主要观察指标：应用光学显微镜、电子显微镜观察脊髓形态的变化，采用免疫组织化学、PT-PCR 的方法检测脊髓组织脑源性神经营养因子的分泌，以改良的Gale联合行为评分法对脊髓功能进行评定，结果：免疫组织化学检测显示，嗅鞘细胞移植能部分改善大鼠脊髓灰质神经细胞的凋亡程度，延缓白质神经纤维的减少，促进髓鞘的修复与再生。

With high specific surface area, ordered pore structure, facilely tailorable pore size, and fine chemical stability and thermostability, Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 has wide application prospects in many fields, such as catalyst chemistry, adsorption and separation.

介孔分子筛 MCM-41 具有比表面积高、孔道结构规则及孔径易调节、化学稳定性和热稳定性好、表面易改性等优点，在催化化学和吸附分离等领域都有很大的潜在应用前景。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。