应用化学

The development of non-formaldehyde dye fixative agent s and their classification by chemical structure were retrospected.

回顾了无醛固色剂发展至今的化学结构类型，探讨了研究开发新品种的思路、固色途径、染色牢度与化学结构的关系以及固色剂 E的特征与应用。

The main intention of this thesis is to study some fundamental surface phenomena with chemical and/or physical interests by scanning probe microscope, and to exploit the instruments themselves into the research of surface chemical process, especially surface photochemical process.

本论文的研究目的在于使用扫描探针显微镜研究表面上的基本化学和物理现象，同时探索扫描探针显微镜在表面化学过程，尤其是表面光化学过程中的应用，所涉及到的主要研究内容和结论如下

The major content of this course includes: calculation, measurement and control of solid surface composition, the structure of solid surface, electronic potential, energy band structure and surface energy state of solid, the action between gas and solid surface, chemistry behaviors of molecular on solid surface (chemisorption and catalysis of solid surface), activation and passivation of solid surface, fundamental principle and application of photo and electricity surface reaction, design of solid surface functional materials, and etc.

基本内容包括：固体表面组成计算、测定与调控，固体表面结构表示方法、测定与控制，固体表面电子势和表面态、固体表面能带结构以及固体能带的测定，固体表面的功能、气体-固体表面间的作用以及气体-固体表面作用的研究方法，分子在固体表面上的化学行为(化学吸附和固体表面催化作用)，固体表面的活化与钝化，光电表面化学反应基本原理及应用，固体表面功能材料的设计等领域。

Methods: Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, histochemistry combined with immunohistochemistry technique and morphometric analysis were used in this study.

应用组织化学、免疫组化、组织化学与免疫组化结合的方法和形态计量学方法进行观测。

Methods Cell culture,immunohistochemistry,nucleus fluorescence labeling,fluorescence retrograde labeling and enzymatic histochemistry technique were used.

应用细胞培养、免疫组织化学、核荧光标记、荧光逆行追踪和酶组织化学等技术。

The expression pattern of PKC and morphology were investigated during inflammatory pain using immunocytochemistry and histochemistry.

应用组织化学和免疫细胞化学方法观察炎性痛过程中海马神经元形态学变化和PKC活性的改变。

Therefore, To exploit the unique properties and to realize and obtain the full potential of the versatile polysaccharide, attempts are being made to chemically modify them. In the life sciences, agricultural chemicals, medicine, separation inspissation and other fields, phosphorus chemistry has a lot of important applications.

因此，许多研究者逐渐把目光转移到了对壳聚糖的化学修饰方面，希望通过化学修饰赋予其更加良好的物理化学性质以及更好的生物活性，使其应用范围更加广泛。

In order to study on the QSRR of fatty esters, 100 fatty esters were optimized by semiempirical calculations AM1, then calculated them by quantum chemistry algorithnl and the technique of molecule graphics and AM1 to acquire the Kier index and Kappa shape index.

为了研究脂肪酯的构效关系，应用半经验量子化学AM1法得到了100种脂肪酯分子的优势构象，利用量子化学算法和分子图形学技术获得Kier指数和Kappa形状指数，再在分子拓扑理论的基础上，提出了一个修正的拓扑染色指数mL，用多元回归技术建立了脂肪酯化合物的结构与色谱保留值的相关性模型。

Presently, the main contents for microchemistry study in cephalopod statolith are composed of inorganic and organic molecules, minor and trace elements, isotope as well as microchemical markers. Minor and trace elements were the important part among the application, which played an important role in discriminating different populations, analyzing life history and reconstructing inhabited environment condition.

目前头足类耳石微化学的研究内容主要包括无机和有机大分子、微量元素、同位素、微化学标记等方面，其中微量元素是应用研究的重点，在头足类种群识别、生活史分析及栖息环境重建等方面发挥了重要作用。

Topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and industrial settings.

包括的题目包括量子化学，分子力学，力量领域，化学教育和在学术性和工业底座里的应用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。