应用函数

Calculus deals with the fundamental theories of calculus, including function, limit, continuation, derivative and differential, mean value theorem, the application of indefinite integral and definite integral, infinite series, as well as the practical instances applied in economic management.

微积分讲述微积分的基本知识，包括函数、极限、连续、导数与微分、中值定理、不定积分与定积分的应用、无穷级数等。以及这些知识在经济管理中的应用的实例与练习。

Some new results on the most practical design techniques—Gain Scheduling control have been acquired via applying approaches of poles assignment, parameter Lyapunov function approach and robust control based on linear fractional transformation , parts of which have been applied in the control systems design of underwater vehicle.

本论文针对工程上最常用的设计方法变增益控制，应用极点配置、参数Lyapunov函数法、基于线性分式变换的鲁棒控制方法进行了研究，得到了一些新的结果，并把部分结果应用到国防尖端武器水下潜器的控制系统设计中，得到了优于冻结系数法的控制性能。

Chapter three (the methods of generating chaotic signal and its applications): In this chapter firstly the mechanism that a simple kinetic system, subsection linear map system, can generate chaotic phenomena is affirmed, the characteristics of correlation function of the chaotic signal generated by this system are simulated, on this basis a simple applicable method for generating chaotic signal is given; secondly some typical circuits generating chaotic signal are designed, also use operational amplifier to design a third -order autonomous circuit with chaotic dynamics. The basic mechanism and typical structures of chaos in the application of communication are introduced systematically and a simple method is provided for generating pseudo random code signal; At last Chaotic signal is applied into the analysis of system characteristic.

第三章(混沌信号产生方法及其应用)首先针对一类简单动力学系统——分段线性映射系统能够产生混沌现象的机理及由该系统所产生的混沌信号的自协方差函数特点进行了证明和计算机仿真，提出了软件产生混沌信号的一种实用方法；其次分析讨论了几种能够产生混沌信号的典型混沌电路，提出了用运算放大器与阻容元件实现三阶自治混沌电路的基本原理；概述了混沌在通信领域中应用的基本原理和典型结构，提出了产生伪随机码信号的一种简单方法；最后将混沌信号用于系统的特性分析中。

The fault diagnosis of Fuzzy ANN is realized by the Neural Network Toolbox of MATLAB. The result is proved valid, but also proved easy to be trapped in the local extremum.

这里以BP网络为应用模型，把模糊化后的故障特征参数作为网络的输入样本，对样本数据训练、仿真，应用MATLAB提供的神经网络工具箱函数实现了模糊神经网络对设备故障的诊断，结果证明了该诊断模型的有效性，但也暴露出BP算法易陷入局部极值的弱点。

Two objects functions were deduced, which of the maximum likelihood method and the conventional Bayes'method, with the application of principle of maximum entropy.

论文应用最大熵原理推导了最大似然法和传统贝叶斯法的准则函数，从信息论的角度为这两种反演分析方法的发展开拓了更广阔的应用空间。

Based on the combined control objective function for shape and mechanical properties,the mechanical properties and the shape are controlled simultaneously.Against the practical character of skin mill and on the premise of the assurance of finished product mechanical property,a set of elongation distribution model about skin mill is established on the criterion that...

在引入板形与力学性能综合控制目标函数的基础上，针对平整机的实际特性，在保证成品的机械性能的前提下，以基态弯辊力下带材的出口板形最好为准则，建立了延伸率分配数学模型；同时给出了相应的张力与轧制压力设定方法，并将其应用到生产实践，提高了平整产品的板形精度，具有较大的推广应用价值。

As the parameters are numerous in non-rigid registration model, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is selected to achieve exploration and exploitation in the whole feasible space accurately and fleetly for the unknown parameters of nonrigid transformation. Particle swarm optimization algorithm has the characteristic of fast global searching for the optimal, but it is restricted in applications by the inclination of its particles falling into premature convergence.

在非刚性图像配准的框架下，提出应用Wendland紧支径向基函数作为参数化的空间变换模型，并针对非刚性配准模型的未知参数量大的问题，提出应用全局化的粒子群优化算法对整个可行性空间进行快速而准确的探索和挖掘，以求得非刚性变形的未知参数。

As to nonparametric and semiparametric regression models, the most widely used regression methods include, spline method(such as smoothing spline, penalized spline and so on); local smoothness, such as Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimate, Gasser-Muller estimate, local polynomial method; the third is orthogonal series, including Fourier series and so on.

所以三次光滑样条应用比较广泛。本文应用三次光滑样条方法来估计单指标部分线性模型中单指标参数和变系数部分线性模型中的函数系数。

Finally, based on the Choquet integral of distortion probability, the characterization of dynamic coherent measures is discussed. It provides theoretical evidence for the methods of different transaction dates risk measurement in empirical application. It i...

最后 ，对一般概率通过函数变换，应用 Choquet积分思想，对动态一致性风险度量的特征进行了探讨，指出它在实际应用中为多期风险度量方法提供的理论依据，对长期组合投资具有重要的现实指导意义。

This article investigates the two-point boundary value problem to a coupled system of nonlinear fractional differential equations. By applying growth conditions on the nonlinear terms, we obtain an existence result of solutions. Our analysis relies on the Schauder fixed-point theorem and the reduction of the considered problem to the equivalent coupled system of integral equations.

本文讨论非线性分数阶微分方程耦合系统的两点边值问题，应用Green函数，将其转化为等价的积分方程耦合系统，并设非线性项在无穷远处有增长条件，应用Schauder不动点定理证明解而非限于正解的存在性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。