应用

The construction of the models has been based on such theories as Theoretical Mechanics, Advanced Mathematics, Space Analytic Geometry, the Theory of Ship and Sea-keeping Theory.

并讨论了该模型在滚装船车辆绑扎系固绑索校核中的应用，以及文中所建立的模型的应用和对现实生产的指导意义。

After the first anchor rod wall applied in China in 1960s, because of the advantage of the anchor rod wall, it has been popular. However, the theory is lagging behind the engineering practice, so the research on the anchor rod wall is very necessary.

锚杆挡土墙由于其优点非常明显，自20世纪60年代由铁路部门自行设计的第一道锚杆挡土墙应用以来，在我国已经得到广泛的应用，但理论落后于实践非常明显，因此，对其进行研究是很有必要的。

We have to use finite element theory, and be able to use software to analyze marc problems.

我们应用有限元的理论知识，并能应用 marc软件来分析问题。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

However, determination of an angle of refraction for a ray passing through a boundary between transparent and stronglyoptically-absorbing media is still quite difficult.

这一定律被广泛应用于透明物质，但应用在金属吸收介质(即光线通过吸收介质/介质边界)时的情况，至今仍是一个未被很好解决的难题。

Spectrum control technology and its application researchBasic theory of smoothing by spectral dispersion in high-power laser system was studied. Periodical frequency modulation was obtained by chirped pulse stacking, and novel special gratings were proposed here to obtain angular spectral dispersion and temporal smoothing of focal spot.

并在国际上首次成功地应用于激光聚变高功率激光系统中。3、激光脉冲光谱控制技术及应用研究研究了高功率激光光谱色散平滑的基本理论，提出利用堆积啁啾脉冲的周期性光谱调制特性和新颖特殊光栅实现光谱角色散和激光束远场焦斑的时间平滑。

Combined with the fundamental characteristics of FBFQ plastering anhydrite ,from construction technology and technical measures the application of plastering anhydrite in building engineering is introduced.

结合FBT-Q 粉刷石膏的基本性能，从FBT-Q的施工工艺和采取的技术措施介绍了粉刷石膏在建筑工程中的应用，指明了粉刷石膏的材质特点，以保证其在工程应用中的优越性。

GIS and GPS have been used in the investigation of agriculture and animal husbandry resources in recent years.

应用GPS和GIS技术相结合，是当今农牧业领域的发展方向之一，已经广泛应用在农牧业等领域。

Generally speaking, the reaction types involvingα-oxoketene--acetals mainly include the regioselective addition-aromatization with organometallic reagents, conjugate addition-cyclization with nitrogen nucleophilicspecies, nucleophilic reactions ofα-carbon, acting as odorless dithiol equivalentsin thioacetalization, Michael additions and [5+1] annulation, as well as the synthetic applications based on the above reactions.

一般来说，基于α-羰基二硫缩烯酮化学的反应主要为：与金属有机试剂的选择性加成反应，与氮亲核体的共轭加成反应，α-碳原子的亲核性及相关反应，烷硫基作为硫醇的替代试剂的应用，α-羰基二硫缩烯酮在碳环、杂环化合物合成中的应用等。

Vinpocetine is effective in curing cerebrovascular diseases, which can selectively improve the circulation of brain, promote energy metabolism, regulate the system function of neurotransmitter, protect brain from suffering from damage due to ischemia and anoxemia in many ways, be used in treatment of insufficiency in blood - supply, stroke and symptoms related to aging, and have special effect on recognition and memory.

长春西汀治疗脑血管病的有效药物，它能够选择性地改善大脑的血液循环，促进大脑的能量代谢，调节神经递质系统功能，多方面保护大脑免受缺血缺氧性损害，特别适用于防治脑供血不足、中风以及与衰老有关的症状，并对认知和记忆有特别的效果，目前临床应用非常广泛，现将长春西汀的药理作用及临床应用综述如下。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。