应用

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

Four classes of partition models , empirical models , functional equilibrium models , optimal control models , and source-sink models were reviewed in this paper. The empirical models were widely used with minimal mechanistic assumptions. The function equilibrium models were successful in the simulation of the rootPcanopy ratio at the periods of the vegetative growth , but were poor to simulate portioning among other organs. The optimal control models were suitable for the modeling under the equilibrium state. The source2sink models were the most powerful and mechanistically based models capable of simulating dynamic photoassimilates partitioning between any organs of the plants.

对于同化物分配模型按照经验模型，目的性模型，源汇关系模型进行了总结归纳，分析指出：经验性模型应用最多但机理性差；功能平衡模型在模拟营养生长阶段同化物在条与根之间的分配很成功，但应用于其它器官之间很困难；最优化模型适于模拟平衡态下同化物的分配；源汇关系模型机理性最强，可模拟任何器官间的同化物分配，应用范围最广泛。

When J2EE is used as standard platform and circumstance for Java2 enterprise system exploitation, its different from traditional application programming model. J2EEi use modules to design, develop, assemble and deploy enterprise application programming. It also defines a standard suite of module and affords integrated service, which predigests the exploitation of distributed enterprise application.

J2EE是SUN公司推出的一套面向企业级的分布式体系，作为使用Java2构建企业系统的标准平台和环境，与传统的应用程序编程模型有很大的差别。J2EE架构采用组件的思想来设计、开发、装配及部署企业应用程序，定义了一套标准化的组件，为这些组件提供了完整的服务，简化了分布式企业级应用的开发。

Beginning with an analysis of understanding and use in scientific research, Stokes recasts the widely accepted view that tension exists between understanding and use, citing as a model case the fundamental yet use-inspired studies by which Louis Pasteur laid the foundations of microbiology a century ago.

司托克斯首先从分析科学研究中的认识与应用这两个目标入手，重申了在认识与应用之间有张力这一被广泛接受的观点，并引证了一个典型事例：巴斯德在一个世纪以前奠定的微生物学，既是基础研究，又是应用研究。

This paper reviews the research and application of ontology on the current shams, main contents include: Ontology definition, Ontology projects, Ontology applications domain and Ontology applied research.

文章对目前本体论的研究和应用现状进行了综述，主要内容包括：本体的定义、本体工程、本体应用领域和本体应用研究，最后指出了未来本体研究的主要方向。

The article analyses the roles of Blog in teaching activities.Some specific application stratifies are put forward in the article. Problems arised from the application are also mentioned in the article.

文章结合教学应用实践对博客在教育教学中的作用和应用进行了分析；给出了一些具体应用的方法和策略，同时也指出了在使用中应当注意的问题。

Shanghai exchange resin resin plant special enterprises in China are domestic professional research and development, application, management services, OEM resin enterprise as a whole.major enterprises in China have Styrene, acrylic acid series, strong acid, strong base, weak acid, weak base, chelating , inert ion exchange resins, special enterprises in China for many years with several well-known enterprises to explore the application of ion exchange resins, the key products used in softened water, desalination water treatment-exchange resins; condensate treatment resin; food, fermentation industry Decoloration, dedicated Absorption resin, petroleum, chemical, medical, chelate resin and catalyst series dedicated resin as well as ancillary treatment, such as a series of packing products, such as a variety of grades.

上海汇脂树脂厂特华企业是国内专业研究开发、应用、管理服务、OEM为一体树脂企业。特华企业主要有苯乙烯系、丙烯酸系列，强酸、强碱、弱酸、弱碱、螯合、惰性离子交换树脂，特华企业多年来与多家著名企业探讨离子交换树脂应用，目前主要产品应用于软化水、除盐水处理交换树脂；凝结水精处理树脂；食品、发酵行业脱色、吸附专用树脂、石油、化工、医学、鳌合系列树脂和催化剂专用树脂以及配套水处理的系列填料等多种牌号等系列产品。

A kind of amorphous coating of nickel phosphorus is developed, and applied to the injection well pipe of oil field.

对镍磷非晶态镀层的性能及应用进行了理论和实验研究。研制了镍磷非晶态镀层，应用在油田注水井管上。应用电化学的扩散理论，对电沉积过渡区的形成机理及对镀层结合强度的影响进行了分析

The application service platform of Argo in South China Sea", which is designed and developed based on the framework, can integrate heterogeneous data services and application services in distributed environment, and can provide users with transparent,"o...

基于该框架，开发设计了&中国南海Argo数据应用服务平台&，该系统可以集成分布式环境中，基于异构平台的数据服务和应用服务，可为用户提供透明的、&一站式&的Argo数据Web应用。

The versatile DW006 accepts a 2-9/16-inch self-feeding bit for plumbing rough-in applications, 7/8-inch or 1-inch auger bit for electrical rough-in applications, and 1/4- to 3/16-inch drill bits for electrical, cable, or phone installation applications.

多功能DW006接受2-9/16-inch自我喂养位的水管粗的应用， 7/8-inch或1英寸的螺旋位电动粗糙的应用， 1/4-到3月16日英寸钻头电器，电缆，或电话安装应用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。