应变量

First, we present various new convergence concepts for sequence of fuzzy random variables, including convergence sure, convergence almost sure, uniform convergence, uniform convergence almost sure, almost uniform convergence, convergence in chance measure, and their corresponding weak convergence. Second, the relations among some types of convergence are studied. Finally, we design some algorithms about fuzzy random simulations to compute the mean chance of fuzzy random event, find the optimistic value of a return function, and evaluate the expected value of a fuzzy random variable.

首先，提出了几类模糊随机变量序列的收敛性概念，包括：必然收敛、几乎必然收敛、一致收敛、几乎必然一致收敛、近一致收敛、依机会测度收敛以及与以上概念相对应的弱收敛；其次，讨论了收敛性之间的关系；最后我们设计了模糊随机模拟算法，用于计算模糊随机事件的平均机会，寻找收益函数的乐观值，以及估计模糊随机变量的期望值。

Three types demand including emission line,transaction and investment of carbon emission right are expounded,and three endogenous variable s including use value,use quantity and production technology and their influence on the firm demand of carbon emission right are analyzed.

提出并分别阐述二氧化碳排放权的排放额度需求、交易需求和投资需求3种概念，分析了使用价值、使用数量、生产技术水平等3个内生变量对企业碳排放权需求的影响；并论述了利益集团影响力、替代能源、交易价格和碳税等4个外生变量对企业碳排放权需求的作用机制，以及政府进行宏观碳排放权配置时应考虑这些变量的影响。

In theory we require linear independence among variables used as inputting or outputting of BP net when we model the mineral processing plant with BP net. However it is always definite relativity in inputting variables or outputting variables in modeling of the mineral processing plant, which sets definite obstacle in high quality modeling.

在应用BP网络建立选矿厂数学模型时，理论上要求作为BP网络的输入变量之间或输出变量之间应是线性无关的，而选矿厂数学建模中，输入变量之间或输出变量之间往往存在着一定的相关关系，这对建立高质量的模型设置了一定的障碍。

A review of the crystallography, thermodynamics and kinetics of the shape memory effect is given and the factors affecting the SEM such as, the amout of prestrain, heat treatment history and aging, are briefly introduced.

综述形状记忆效应的晶体学，热力学及动力学，简介影响形状记忆效应的一些因素：预应变量的影响，热处理条件的影响以及时效的影响。

The effect of training, prestrain amount and recovery annealing temperature on the shape memory effect, the absolute shape recovery ratio , and the superelasticity of Fe14Mn6Si9Cr5Ni alloy is studied.

研究了训练、预应变量和退火温度对Fe14Mn6Si9Cr5Ni合金的形状记忆效应、绝对形状回复率和超弹性的影响，测定了合金的蠕变和应力松驰特性，讨论了降温ε马氏体对形状记忆效应的间接贡献。

The coherent stress of TaWN/TiN interface has been increased by adding alloy element W, which makes TaWN/TiN suprlattice films have larger hardness than TaN/TiN superlattice films.

在TaWN／TiN体系中W的加入增加了协调应变量，从而使该体系的硬度值远大于TaN／TiN体系的硬度值。

The amount of web material added to, subtracted from and present in the tension zone in a sample time period is then converted to an unstrained amount of web material that when combined provides an estimate for the present amount of unstrained web material present in the tension zone.

然后，将采样时间周期内添加到张力区的、从张力区中减去的以及存在于张力区中的卷筒纸材料的量转换为卷筒纸材料的非应变量，当将他们相结合时，给出存在于张力区内的非应变卷筒纸材料的当前量的估算。

Microstructure analysis shows that rough crystals of hot-forged or cast TiNi or TiPdNi alloys can be refined to about 10micrometer in size after one pass high temperature ECAE process and static recrystallization annealing.

微观组织分析结果表明：原始组织粗大的热锻态、铸态TiNi、TiPdNi合金经过一次高温ECAE变形过程（应变量~1%）及适当再结晶退火处理，可获得10um左右的均匀细晶组织。

The final configuration is identical to that in, and the total plastic strain is six atomic spacings

最后的排列虽与图a一样，但总的塑性应变量是6个原子距。

The results show that with the increase of strain rate, the grain sizes of thermal simulation AZ31B alloys with different deformation all decrease; however, when other conditions are the same, the higher deformation will lead to the formation of the smaller grain size, and as the cooling intensity decreases, typical cast structure of AZ31B will appear. With the decrease of roll casting temperature, the dendritic size of roll casting AZ31B alloy sheet prepared by the same strain rate is also reduced, but with the increase of strain rate, the dendritic size of the alloy sheet prepared by the same initial roll casting temperature is decreased, and the tendency of dendritic streamline is strengthened. During the roll casting process of AZ31B alloy, rolling force should not be large, otherwise it will cause heat cracking.

研究结果表明：在不同应变量下，热模拟样品的晶粒粒度均随应变速率的增加而减小，而当其他条件相同时，变形量越大晶粒粒度越小，冷却强度降低，合金呈典型铸态组织；利用铸轧技术生产的AZ31B合金，当应变速率一定时，随着初始铸轧温度的降低，铸轧态板材的树枝晶粒度逐渐减小；而在初始铸轧温度一定时，随着应变速率的增大，铸轧态合金板材的树枝晶粒度也逐渐减小；而随着应变速率的提高，树枝晶沿轧向呈流线状排列的趋势增强；在AZ31B合金铸轧过程中，轧制力不能太大，否则容易引起热裂。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。