应变硬化

Five main phenomena were found, firstly, the high plasticity clay could well suitable to large deformation, and had strain-hardening behavior obviously, as well as, the little dilatancy; secondly, there was no correlation between stress paths and shear strength but the stress-strain relations were influenced by stress paths; thirdly, the little stress increment ratio, the higher increase speeding of shear stress and breaking strength under the condition of same initial normal stress; the fourth, the relations between normal strain and normal stress in simple shear test was consistent with which in the single-direction compression test, if there was no dilatancy; the last, the curve of relation between stress ratio and shear strain could be well simulated by hyperbola.

试验结果表明，高塑性粘土能够较好地适应大变形，接触面剪应力与切向应变关系呈剪切硬化型曲线，法向剪胀不明显；接触面剪切强度与应力路径无关，应力应变关系与应力路径密切相关；初始法向应力一定，应力增量比越小，剪应力增长越快，对应的破坏剪应力也越高；无剪胀发生情况下，法向应变与法向应力关系曲线与单向压缩试验具有一致性；应力比与切向应变呈良好的双曲线关系。

Based on the test results of sand, mechanics of internal parameters (plastic volumetric strain and plastic deviator strain) depending on stress path is explained. General equation expressing hardening parameter independent of stress path is proposed.

在分析砂土试验结果的基础上，揭示了基本硬化内参量(塑性体积应变、塑性剪应变)变化的应力路径相关性，提出了应力路径无关硬化参量的一般表达式。

And the relations of hardening exponent and hardening rate with strain were analyzed.

分析了合金的硬化率和硬化指数与应变的关系。

The results show that the maximal rolling pressure and the maximal strain in rolling process don't appear in the same location; the plastic strain areas locates on the both sides of the edge at the fillet, resulting in residual compressive stress reached to strengthen the purpose of rolling.In the rolling process, must be reasonable to control the feed roll.

结果表明，滚压过程中最大滚压力和最大应变不是出现在同一位置，塑性应变区域位于圆角凹面两侧边缘，冷作硬化后产生的残余压缩应力达到了滚压强化目的；滚压过程必须合理控制滚压进给量。

The effects of strain hardening by accumulation of dislocations and the grain structure formed at high strain can be removed by appropriate heat treatment

由于位错的积累和相互阻挡所造成的应变硬化可以通过适当的热处理方法来消除，这种方法称为

From the results, it can be seen that the influence of the material strain hardening and Bauschinger effect should be considered while thearetical calculating.

由计算结果可知：理论计算时必须考虑材料的应变硬化，Bauschinger效应等对结果的影响。

Moveover, the relationship between mixity angle and the strain hardening exponent of welded seam was also studied.

进一步对熔合线上含裂纹焊接接头的复合角Φ与焊缝应变硬化指数的关系进行了研究。

The value of mixity angles becomes smaller with increasing strain hardening exponent at the same load level .

在同一外加载荷下，接头复合角Φ随着焊缝应变硬化指数的增加而减小。

It has been validated that the prediction accuracy is enhanced and the average errors of the yield strength and strain hardening exponent are 1.6% and 12.6%, respectively.

通过模拟验证，此方法提高了计算精度并扩大了材料的计算范围。所获得的屈服强度平均误差是1.6%，应变硬化指数的平均误差12.6%。

Consistent with recent experimental observations, these twin networks may cause dislocation pile-ups and thus give rise to strain hardening

和新近的实验报告一致，这些双胞胎网路可能引起混乱堆积如山，因此引起应变硬化

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。