应变硬化

Based on the above results, plane strain deformation is considered to be a necessary condition of shear banding.

基于对以上研究结果的讨论，本文认为，剪切带是在平面应变变形条件下当应变硬化率降到很低时发生的。

Based on the qualitative interpretation,the effect of transition segment of a stress-strain curve has been emphasized;phenomenon relating to strain rate effect have been adequately discussed,such as the stress-strain curve of a given strain rate, the increase of strain rate sensitivity of a metal with temperature,the decomposition of strain rate effect and strain hardening and multi-step loading tests.The analyses agree with the existing experimental results and update the knowledge on strain rate effect.

对材料应变率敏感性随温度变化的现象进行了分析，所得结论与现有试验结果相符；对晶体材料在恒应变率加载下的应力应变曲线进行了分析，明确提出了应力应变曲线中受应变率直接影响部分—过渡段的概念；结合位错运动分析，对恒应变率加载下晶体材料的应力应变曲线进行了解释，深化了对应变率效应的认识；提出了应变率效应与应变硬化效应可分别研究的观点，完善了对应变率效应细观机理的认识。

The results indicate that the strain-hardening exponent of TWIP steels is variable.

计算了应变硬化指数n值随应变速率和应变的变化规律。

Based on the experimental results and analysis, new contributions given in this paper is as follows:(1) the new approximate formula developed in ref [7] for △ε of continuous and noncontinuous strain hardening materials from tensile properties under various R.

实验与计算结果及分析讨论表明：用新提出的Δε模型和近似公式，可以估算不同应力比条件下连续应变硬化和非连续应变硬化材料切口根部的Δε，但是，超载作用后，Δε应近似按弹性应力循环计算；首次给出了铝合金板材和低合金高强度钢FCI超载效应的定量表达式。

These tests show that: 1. suction decreases with the increase of the water saturation in the chalk; 2. stress variants proposed are available for describing the stress state of the unsaturated chalk; 3. preconsolidation pressure increases with suction, while the effects of suction on the compressibility coefficients λ and κ are not evident; 4. as usual unsaturated soils, the permeability to oil of chalk increases with the suction; 5. yield strength of the chalk behaves with volumetric strain hardening; 6. cohesive behaviour of the chalk is related to the stress level, and relation between time-dependent deformation and logt is linear; 7. cohesion of the chalk decreases with the increase of the suction, while the elastic stiffness and the cohesion coefficient increase; 8. strength and elastic modulus increase with the strain rate, while the strain at the peak strength decreases with the increase of the strain rate.

试验结果表明，白垩中的虹吸力随水饱和度的降低而提高；吸力、水饱和度和强度的变化过程均与时间有关；可用由理论分析得到的应力状态变量描述非饱和白垩的平衡状态；前期固结压力随吸力增加而提高，而压缩指数λ与κ则同吸力无关；应力大于前期固结压力时，粘性变形与时间的对数关系曲线呈线性关系，其大小和增长速率均随吸力减小而增大，可视为白垩弹性刚度降低和粘性系数增大的结果；前期固结压力和变形模量随着应变速率的提高而提高，压缩指数κ和λ则随应变速率的提高而减小；应变速率较低时，粘性和吸力对前期固结压力及压缩指数的影响较小；白垩中油的渗透性随着吸力增加而提高；白垩在屈服阶段具有明显的体积应变硬化特性。

The mechanical properties of torqued and non-torqued tungsten alloy are also investigated. A constitutive model that describes rate-hardening and strain-hardening effects is also established for these tungsten alloys.

同时对预扭转和未扭转钨合金材料进行了动态力学性能实验研究，建立了考虑应变率硬化、应变硬化效应的动态本构模型。

After overloading,△ε should be estimated with Hook's law,(2) The quantitative expression of FCIL considering overloading effect are firstly developed for Al-alloy and LAHS steel.

据此提出，对于连续应变硬化材料，FCI超载效应较大，而非连续应变硬化材料的FCI超载效应很小。

The model includes the effect of strain rate sensitivity, strain softening and strain hardening.

该模型包括了应变率敏感性效应，应变软化效应和应变硬化效应。

Modulus of Strain Hardening—Alternate term for rate of Strain hardening.

应变硬化模量—应变硬化的另一个替代术语。

The results show that the flow stress of both materials decreases with increase of temperature, and strain hardening rates at a temperature below 585 K are greater than that at the temperature above 585 K.

测试结果表明，不论是上引法连铸多晶铜还是连铸单晶铜，流动应力随温度的升高而下降，在温度低于585 K时，材料的应变硬化率明显大于在温度高于585 K时的应变硬化率。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。