应变

The variation regularity is discussed that the stress, temperature and deformation of the current-carrying annular plate are altered with the variation of loaded electromagnetic parameters. According to the relation between the deflection of annular plate and the parameters, it is proved that the deformation and stress can be controlled by changing the electromagnetic and mechanics parameters.

变换电磁参量，讨论了载流环形薄板应力、温度及变形随外加电磁参量的变化规律；根据圆环形板的挠度与参量之间的变化规律，并通过实例证实了可以通过改变电、磁、力场的参数来实现对板壳的应力、应变状态的控制。

Yet for thickness shear actuators, due to the shear deformation dominates the plate deflection for shear actuation mechanism, the higher order shear theory can provide more accurate evaluation of the shear strain energy of the plate than the first-order o

但对于厚度剪切型激励器而言，由于激励器主要是引起板的剪切变形，而高阶剪切变形理论比一阶剪切变形理论能更好地反映结构的剪切应变能，因此高阶剪切变形理论可以提供板变形的更为精确的解。

Deformation modulus: the ratio of the vertical load to the vertical strain is called as Deformation modulus.

土的变形模量：土体在无侧向约束条件下，竖向应力与竖向应变的比值。

The effect of strain ratio on cyclic deformation behavior is small.

主应变比对循环硬化曲线没有影响。

Then, based on a large number of static and dynamic laboratory test results, the calculation formulation on dynamic modules of shear deformation, damping ratio, dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic residual deformation are proposed, the parameters of these formulations are also given.

在此基础上，对粉煤灰进行了大量的动力特性试验研究，提出了该类粉煤灰相应的动模量及阻尼比的计算公式并给出其抗液化强度、动孔隙水压力及动残余应变的计算公式及其参数。

In order to realize this target, the compression behavior of SC100-T6 aluminum alloy was studied under the circumatance of different deformation temperature and deformation strain ratio using the Gleeble 1500 thermal stress-strain simulator. The constitutive relationship of this kind of Al-alloy was established using the least squares fit method.

为了实现这一目的，作者应用Gleeble-1500热力学模拟试验机对不同的温度和变形速率下的铝合金SC100-T6进行等温压缩试验，得到了合金的流动应力与成形温度、应变速率的变化规律，并应用最小二乘法建立了该种合金的本构方程。

The main effect factors of the middle-transport efficiency are the level of transport supply and the structure of transport supply, the degree of transport modes technology progress, the degree of competition and cooperation among the transport modes or within the special transport mode, the degree of symmetry of the obligation of every transport mode and the regulation degree of the government. The main effect factors of the micro-transport efficiency are the market environment, the impetus mechanism, the response capacity and the level of transport organizing and technology progress.

本文提出宏观运输效率的主要影响因素是运输相关技术的发展水平和运输政策选择；中观运输效率的主要影响因素是运力供给水平与结构、运输方式的技术进步程度、运输方式之间及其内部的竞争与合作程度、各运输方式与社会受托责任的对称性程度、政府对各运输方式的管制程度；微观运输效率的主要影响因素是市场环境、运输企业的内部动力机制、运输企业的应变能力及运输企业的生产组织和技术进步水平。

As an example, a central cracked plate with pulse uniaxial tension was used to demostrate the initiation and the processes of the stable crack growth.

有限元法是求其数值解的一个有效的方法，它已被用来求裂纹扩展前的应力、应变场〔，'。

Prior to the commencement of conditioning, demountable mechanical strain gauge location points were fixed to steel plates to measure changes in the distance between plates which could then be related to the net thickness of corrosion products at the steel/concrete interface.

在启动空调， demountable机械应变计所在地点的固定钢板来衡量变化，在距离板然后可以相关的净厚度腐蚀产品在钢筋/混凝土界面。

Prior to the commencement of conditioning, demountable mechanical strain gauge location points were fixed to steel plates to measure changes in the distance between plates which could then be related to the net thickness of corrosion products at the steel/concrete inte**ce.

在启动空调， demountable机械应变计所在地点的固定钢板来衡量变化，在距离板然后可以相关的净厚度腐蚀产品在钢筋/混凝土界面。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。