应变

The cross sensitivity of strain and temperature is a key problem for fiber Bragg grating sensors.

解决应变和温度的交叉敏感，实现应变和温度同时测量一直是光纤光栅传感器研究的关键问题。

On the fracture section, three strain gauges were put above the pins of groups fixed with external fixator. The gauges were recorded when the femurs were loaded vertically. Results (1) The compressive trabeculae and femoral calcar in the femoral neck region are the main load-bearing construction. The contract of the abductor muscle can protect the hip joint. When the model femur was abducted in small degree (10-30°), the stress improved gradually with the abductor angle. But adduction of the model will gradually decrease the stress in that area. When external violence was put on it, the main stress distribution was on the upper femur, which was in the middle and lower part of the femoral neck and between greater trochanter and lesser trochanter.

同时在④⑤两组又应用电阻应变片贴于断端间的三枚斯氏针上方以测定钢针上的应力与应变结果(1)股骨颈处的压力骨小梁和股骨距是重要的承载结构；载荷的传导主要通过压力骨小梁和股骨距由股骨颈区传至股骨干的中下1/3处；外展肌力的收缩对髋关节有一定的保护作用；在小角度外展实验中（10-30°）股骨颈区的应力递增，超过30°时股骨颈区的应力又逐渐减小，但在内收实验中随角度增大股骨颈处应力呈递减趋势；当外界暴力作用时，应力主要集中在股骨上段，即股骨颈中下段和大小转子处及其之间。

In order to well understand the interaction between cementite and matrix, the plastic strains of two phases and the misfit of plastic strains between them were analyzed based on the Eshelby/Mori-Tanaka model.

为了更好地理解渗碳体相和铁素体相之间的相互作用，在Eshelby/Mori-Tanaka模型的基础上分析了两相各自的塑性应变及两相间的塑性应变失配。

By using TCN—AN numerical torsion testing machine, the torque of Cast Iron Materials under pure shearing is measured, and its strain is also measured through XL2101B2 static strain meter, adopting method of whole bridge connection. Based on the above experiment equipments and all the measurement results, method of torsion of circular shaft is designed to measure Elastic Modulus of Cast Iron Materials.

通过 TCN—AN数控扭转试验机测量处于纯剪切状态下铸铁试件的扭矩，采用全桥接线法，使用XL2101B2静态应变仪测量铸铁试件的应变，基于以上两种实验仪器及其测量的结果，发展了圆轴扭转法来测量铸铁材料的弹性模量。

The paper includes:The author calculate the structures inner force and displacement of the free end , analyze the influence of the height and the value of pretress of cable by making use of ANSYS 9.0 soft, pose the concept of critical prestress,conclude the function relation between displacement of the free end, initial strain and the height of cable ,analyze the dynamic properity and point out that Newmark-β method should be adopted when we analyze the dynamic properity of the cable-stayed spatial structure with direct integral test to guarantee the contribution of high mode,finally conclude the functional relation among coefficient of earthquake inner force, initial strain and the height of cable, wish to get some helpful conclusion applied to cable-stayed spatial truss design.

本文系统介绍了斜拉空间桁架竖向地震反应的分析理论与方法、详细分析了斜拉空间桁架结构在静力和竖向地震作用下的受力性能，主要内容包括：利用通用有限元软件ANSYS9.0计算了斜拉空间桁架在静力和竖向地震作用下内力及自由端位移分布规律并得出地震内力系数与节间位置、预应力以及斜拉索高度之间的函数关系；详细分析了斜拉索中施加的预应力以及斜拉索高度的变化对于该种结构内力及自由端位移的影响并提出了斜拉空间桁架的临界预应变概念，进而得到了自由端位移与初始预应变以及斜拉索高度的函数关系，即：△=-(40h+2180)ε+9.8；分析了该种结构的动力性能，并指出：在时域内采用直接积分法计算该种结构的动力响应时，应该考虑采用不引起振幅率减小的Newmark-β法，以保证高阶模态响应的贡献仍然保留在响应中而不致于被忽略。

It is shown that the mechanical properties including Young's modulus, tensile strength, critical strain and stress under buckling can be enhanced with the decreasing of intershell spacing. The shear strength can be enhanced by 2-3 orders of magnitude when the intershell spacing is reduced to 20%, which is also dependent on commensuration. Zigzag-type carbon nanotubes have higher shear strength. The axial stress in tubes when the load transferring from outmost tube to inner tube is observed as well.

研究了单壁纳米管束横截面的六方化失稳现象，给出各种管径的面内压力－应变关系曲线；每条曲线都给出一个明显的拐点而且有很强的非线性；线弹性模量与参考构形有关，也受管直径的影响；分析了管束横截面的晶格不稳定性特征，表明晶格的缺陷能够明显的减小临界值；模拟了在不同应变下纳米管束对静水压的反应，发现不同压力下的截面形态不同，在很高压力下相邻管之间会形成化学键。

The results show that BFRC has favorable impact compressive strength and deformation;,and the impact compressive strength and deformation of BFRC is relational with strain rate and fibre volume content; with strain rate increasing, impact compressure strength and deformation enhance; the impact compressure strength of BFRC is better when the fibre volume content is 0.1%, and the deformation performance of BFRC is better when the fibre volume content is 0.3%.

研究结果表明，BFRC具有良好的冲击压缩强度和变形性能，且其冲击压缩强度和变形与应变率和纤维掺量有关；BFRC的冲击压缩强度和变形随应变率的增大而增加；纤维掺量为0.1%的冲击压缩强度较高，纤维掺量为0.3%时的变形性能较好。

In order to study impact mechanical properties of the basalt fiber reinforced concrete, the BFRC specimens with 0、0.1% and 0.3% fibre volume content were prepared. The Φ100mm split hopkinson pressure bar apparatus was adopted tocarry out the impact compressive experiment. The dynamic stress-strain curves were obtained. The impact mechanics performance of BFRC were studied through analyzing the impact compressure strength and deformation.

摘 要：为了研究玄武岩纤维混凝土（basalt fiber reinforced concrete，简称BFRC）的冲击力学性能，制备了纤维体积掺量分别为0、0.1%和0.3%的BFRC试件，采用Φ100mm分离式霍普金森压杆（split hopkinson pressure bar，简称SHPB ）设备对BFRC试件进行了冲击压缩试验，得到了BFRC的动态应力应变曲线，从冲击压缩强度和变形两方面研究了不同应变率下BFRC的冲击力学性能。

For example: When selecting middle-level managers, we must notice their competence of contingence, using personnel, business and leadership, etc. And for secretaries of Party committee, we must notice their competence of leadership, character, motion and inter-personnel co-operation, etc.

在选拔国有企业行政中层管理者时，应特别注重应变能力、激励指导用人能力、经营能力和组织领导能力等指标；在选拔支部书记时，应更加注重组织领导能力、乐观自信、人际交往与合作、应变能力等指标。

In order to deeply analyze the distribution of maximum tensile strain during asphalt surface for Semi-rigid base asphalt pavement and compound base asphalt pavement , two types of typical structure were chosen, taking the Shell designing software BISAR 3.0 as calculation tool, considering two kinds interface contact condition of complete continuousness and not incomplete continuousness, then a comprehensive analysis was made on the maximum tensile strain of every structure on the basis different interface contact condition.

摘 要：为深入分析半刚性基层沥青路面和复合式基层沥青路面面层内的最大拉应变的规律，选取两类沥青路面的典型结构，采用壳牌设计软件 BISAR 3.0为计算工具，考虑层间完全连续状态以及不完全连续两种状态，对各结构在不同的层间结合条件下沥青层最大拉应变进行了比较和分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。