应变

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vertical and lateral strain values under different vertical compressions, mean torques under different torsion angels, and vertical strain under three-spot bending compression of different stress loading following 6, 10 and 14 screw fixation.

主要观察指标：6枚，10枚和14枚螺丝钉固定不同压缩力垂直压缩时竖直方向应变及侧方应变值，不同扭转角度扭转时平均扭矩及不同加载应力三点弯曲压缩竖直方向应变。

The invention relates to a desk type drill machine for preventing drill head wreckage, comprises chassis, supporting post, operating board covered in middle of supporting post, cabinet and generator; cabinet is equipped with tension pulley pressure sensor, belt tension unit and pressure foil gage; tension pulley is compacted on driving belt of drill machine, pressure foil gage is installed on top bar of tension pulley, the pressure foil gage is in electric connection with input end of controlling circuit, output controlling end of controlling circuit is connected to power input end of generator.

本发明是防止钻头折断的台式钻床，包括底座、支柱、套在支柱中部的工作台、以及机箱和电机，机箱上设有张紧轮压力传感器，由皮带张紧装置和压力应变片组成，其中的张紧轮紧压在钻床的传动皮带上，压力应变片设在张紧轮的顶杆中，压力应变片与控制电路的输入端电连接，控制电路的输出控制端连接在电机的电源输入端中。

For the current situation and disadvantages of strain measuring for sheet metal forming,a digital camera based strain measuring system has been set up in this paper.

基于板料应变测量的现状和不足，本文基于数码相机构建了板料应变测量系统，并以图像处理和图像测量的原理为基础，基于C++语言开发了以图像预处理和二值图像的标定和测量为主要模块的板料应变测量软件系统。

On the experimental device of metallic membrane bulging, the measuring of in-plane true strain, transverse plastic strain at the pole of sheet, and the contour shape of sheet can be done. So that the relationship between true stress and true strain in the all deformation range of metallic sheets can thus be built up. Furthermore, the changing pattern of elasto-plastic and plastic Poisson's ratio can also be obtained.

在平膜鼓胀装置上，通过测量膜片极顶的面内真应变和横向塑性应变以及膜片的轮廓形状，并计人泊松比随变形过程发生的变化，可建立二向应力状态下箔材从弹性经塑性至破裂的整个变形范围内真应力和真应变的关系，同时还可以得到弹塑性泊松比和塑性泊松比的变化规律。

Concept To describe changes in the relative configuration of rocks, imagine that there is a unit sphere, 1 in radius, in the rock before it is deformed. When the rock is deformed homogeneously, the sphere becomes an ellipsoid. Then this ellipsoid is called strain ellipsoid, whose shape and orientationrepresents the rock's strain condition.

概念 为了形象地描述岩石的应变形态，设想在变形前岩石内有一个半径为1的单位球体、平均变形后成为一个椭球，以这个椭球形态和方位表示岩石应变状态这个椭球称应变椭球。

We obtain the "misfit strain-misfit strain" phase diagram and energy diagram for BST thin film grown on tetragonal base at room temperature.

用朗道－德文希尔理论研究了非平衡双轴失配应变对单畴外延钛酸锶钡薄膜相变的影响，得到了室温下生长在四方基底上的BST50/50薄膜的&失配应变－失配应变&相图和能量图。

A power law between the propagation velocity of the band and the strain is discovered. For the bands of type A and B, which propagate almost continuously, the propagation velocity keeps a good linear increasing trend with the increasing applied strain rate.

分析了应变率和变形对PLC变形带传播行为的影响，发现PLC变形带的传播速度与应变之间符合近似的幂律，对于保持传播中途无驻留现象的A类型和B类型PLC变形带，带的传播速度与应变率很好地满足线性关系。

When the elastic modulus is high, stress and strain are mainly concentrated at edge of the overlap region, while those in weld spot zone are relatively even; when the elastic modulus is low, stresses in the adhesive layer are small while stresses are concentrated to a certain extent at edge of the weld spot.

分析发现，胶粘剂弹性模量对接头中应力应变分布的趋势有明显影响，胶粘剂弹性模量高时，搭接区边缘附近区域应力应变高，焊点区应力应变值相对较小；弹性模量低时，焊点边缘处存在一定的应力集中，胶层中应力较小。

For the influence of the residual strain of alloyed plate on rolling force cannot be removed by conventional rolling force self-learn method,and based on the classic deformation resistance model,the influence of residual strain on rolling force is analyzed and correspondent mathematical model for engineering calculation is afford.

针对合金元素含量较多的中厚板在轧制过程中其残余应变对轧制力的影响无法通过自学习来克服的问题，在常规变形抗力模型的基础上，分析了残余应变对中厚板变形抗力的影响，并由此提出了残余应变的工程计算模型。

The results show that the formation of the shear band is characterized with both strain localization and the localization of the averaged pure rotation ratio. The shear band starts right at the point where the volume strain changes from shrinkage to expansion. The development of these variables are significantly different within or outside of the shear band. Particularly, the stress-strain softening relationship was observed near or within the shear band, while the hysteretic phenomenon takes place outside the shear band. In addition, both the volumetric and deviatoric strains are larger inside than outside the shear band, with the soil being looser in the shear band.

研究表明：砂土剪切带的形成过程即为试样内部应变局部化过程，也为试样内部平均转动率(averaged pure rotation rate， APR)的局部化；剪切带开始形成点也为试样剪缩、剪胀分界点；剪切带内外各宏微观参数变化规律上存在明显的差异，主要表现为近剪切带位置土体及带内土表现为应变软化现象，而距带中心较远土体应力应变关系曲线出现'回滞圈'现象；带内变形量明显大于带外，且带内较带外松散。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。