应变

So the calculational results of the formulas are emanative. Avoiding to use the empirical coelfficients are in the analytic process and based on the stress-strain relation between core concrete and steel tube the ultimate bearing capacity and the deformation characteristic of the steel-encased reinforced concrete columns are investigated in this paper. Then the reasonable stress-strain model is given for the further work of the damage analysis of steel-encased concrete and aseismatic ductility.

本文在分析过程中尽可能的避开经验公式，从核心混凝土与钢管的应力-应变关系入手，通过应力协调与应变相容的条件对配有圆钢管的钢骨混凝土构件的极限承载能力与变形性能进行研究，提出合理的应力-应变关系模型，为进一步的钢管混凝土结构损伤、抗震延性分析做好准备工作。

The left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume were measured by Simpson method of automatic tracking endocrinal. Results Vs and SRs of GI were significantly lower (P.05) than those of the control group, and Vs, SRs and ε of GⅡ were lower (P.05) than those of GI.

结果 病变Ⅰ组23例各节段左心室最大纵向运动速度、应变率均明显低于对照组(P.05)，病变Ⅱ组10例各节段最大纵向运动速度、应变及应变率均明显低于Ⅰ组(P.05)；组间左心室射血分数、每搏量差异均无统计学意义。

To introduce perturbation corrections of lattice strain intosemiempirical MO calculations,we have written out the programs,STRAIN+SPHF,for calculating perturbation corrections of lattice strain,based onsemiempirical MO calculation program package MOPAC3.0.In principle,the theoretical method and program for calculating corrections of latticestrain can be employed for the studies of growth mechanisms for diamondfilms or other non-metallic films on any non-metallic heterogenic substrates.

运用引入晶格应变修正的AM1半经验分子轨道方法和不包含该修正的AM1方法，通过在Si(100)和(111)衬底表面上提取H原子以及CH3和C2H2吸附过程的计算比较研究，发现包含应变修正的结果比不包含该修正的结果更准确地描述了Si衬底上发生的化学反应过程，并且还能够揭示出无应变修正结果中没有揭示出的表面物理化学现象。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Strain at L5-S1, intervertebral disc and iliolumbar ligament was determined using strain gauge.

主要观察指标：L5峡部贴应变片，用应变仪测量L5~S1峡部、椎间盘和髂腰韧带应变。

With the above instruments, the effects of strain－rate history on the constitutive relations of the above two materials were also firstly investigated at different temperatures and prestrain rates and it is found that strain－rate history strengthen them and their strength under reloading increases with increasing prestrain rate.

研究表明，应变率历史对这两种材料均具有强化作用，其二次加载下的强度随预应变率的升高而提高，它们对应变率历史的敏感性则随温度的升高而降低。

Effects of prestrain on the constrained reverse martensitic transformation of TiNi fibers embedded in the aluminum matrix have been studied.

若TiNi合金处于马氏体状态时预应变，则DSC加热曲线上出现一个吸热峰，其面积随着预应变的增大而减小，其开始结束温度随着预应变的增大而升高。

Based on the mechanism of the fiber Bragg grating's cross-sensitivity to temperature and strain, a new fiber Bragg grating superficial bonded strain sensor with temperature compensation and strain sensibilization was designed and fabricated.

在分析光纤Bragg光栅的温度应变交叉敏感机理的基础上，设计并制作了一种新型的具有温度补偿和应变增敏效果的光纤Bragg光栅表面粘贴式应变传感器。

If the height of bump is higher, the radius of bump is smaller, and the thickness of wire , substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package without underfill is smaller. If the height of bump is shorter, the radius of bump is bigger, the thickness of wire is thinner, and the thickness of substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package with underfill is smaller.

在应变方面，较高的凸块高度，较小的凸块半径，较厚的线路、基板和晶片厚度将对未填胶构装体有较小的应变值；另外较矮的凸块高度，较大的凸块半径，较薄的线路，较厚的基板和晶片厚度将对填胶构装体有较小的应变值。

It is shown that the first order strain mode shape is sensitive to the damage degree and location of the frame joints. And the existence of vibration node in high order stain vibration shape may lead to misjudging.

结果表明，一阶应变振型对损伤及其位置敏感，高阶应变振型节点的存在使得依据高阶应变模态进行损伤诊断时容易造成误判。

A rigid-plastic FEM program for the analysis of working piece deformation in single pass hot bar rolling was developed. Combining with the analytical model, the strain and strain rate of hot rolled bearing steel GCr15 bar during roughing and intermediate rolling processes was calculated and compared with the real values.

应用刚塑性有限元法开发了轧制过程单道次变形分析的通用程序，与解析法结合对实际热连轧生产GCr15棒材的粗轧和中轧过程中的应变－应变速率进行了计算值与实际应变的对比。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。