应力轴

By using static equilibrium law, nonlinear buckle behavior of string in deep well has been researched. In comprehensive consideration of gravity, contact force of borehole wall, axial friction and tangential friction of borehole wall on the string, pressure and viscous resistance of fluid outside of and inside of a string, differential equation of buckle has been established, which amended computational model of axial load on a string.

应用静力平衡法对深井注入管柱的非线性屈曲行为进行了研究，建立了综合考虑重力、井壁支反力、井壁对管柱的轴向摩擦力和切向摩擦力及管柱内、外流体压力和粘滞阻力联合作用下的屈曲微分方程，对注入管柱的屈曲变形及弯曲附加应力等后屈曲行为进行分析，修正了管柱轴向载荷计算模型。

According to the calculated result, the metal flowing law, von Mises stress and the formed outer diameter of involute spline were forecasted; also the errors between the simulation result and the object dentiform of involute spline were analyzed.

根据数值模拟的结果，讨论了齿形误差及其成因；揭示了滚轧过程中金属流动规律和应力变化情况；分析了冷滚轧前轴坯直径与成形后花键最大外径的关系，提出了轴坯直径的修改建议。

T he b iggest v alue o f a xial t ensile s tress i n c oncrete u nder t he a ction o f w ater p ressure a nd thermal load could be as high as 4.23MPa, which will lead the occurrence of circumferential cracks. So reinforcement along the axial direction must be laid.

在常规荷载和温降荷载共同作用下，斜直管段混凝土最大轴向拉应力可达4.23MPa，已经远远超过了C25混凝土的设计抗拉强度1.3MPa，在管道混凝土内可能出现环向裂缝，因此在进行管道轴向配筋时应采取一定工程措施。

At present, all the P-Y curve methods recommended by the referring code demand using geotechnic parameters C_u (three-axle undrained shear strength) and ε_50(the strain value that is equal to a half of the difference stress in the undrained triaxial compressing test). Moreover, we must do the complex and expensive triaxial geotechnic experiment to get those two geotechnic parameters, so they restrain the P-Y curve method from using comprehensively.

但目前国内外有关规范推荐的P-Y曲线均需用到土工参数C_u和ε_(50)(三轴不排水压缩试验中最大主应力差一半时的应变值)，而获得这两个参数需要进行比较复杂且费用较高的土工三轴试验，限制了P-Y曲线法的广泛应用。

The varying behavior of the stress response values for tension and torsion was measured under proportional and nonproportional loading.

在多轴循环加载条件下，由于存在多向应力或应变，与单轴情况相比较，其循环特性会发生变化［3］。

To numerically simulate the stress-strain response of the components under multiaxial cyclic load- ing,an elastoplastic finite element analysis was adopted to thin tubular specimens under multiaxial proportion- al and nonproportional tension/torsion loading at high temperature.

为数值模拟构件在多轴循环加载下的应力应变响应，利用ANSYS分析软件对承受高温2轴比例与非比例循环拉扭加载下的光滑薄壁管件进行了弹塑性有限元分析。

The criterion is similar to hyperbolic strength criterion including uniaxial compression strength and uniaxial tensile strength, which is an extended form of Griffith-Murrell criterion essentially under the condition of polyaxial stress when hydrostatic pressure is lower, and it represents the first failure type. However, the criterion is similar to generalized Mises criterion when hydrostatic pressure is higher, and it represents the second failure type. The transition part between the two criteria represents the third failure type when hydrostatic pressure is high.

该准则包含单轴抗压和抗拉强度，在静水压力较低时，实质上它是Griffith-Murrell准则在多轴应力状态下的一种扩展形式，反映脆性岩石破坏类型1；在很高静水压力下该准则可转化为广义Mises准则，反映脆性岩石破坏类型2；而当静水压力较高时，该准则处于上述两种准则的过渡阶段，反映脆性岩石破坏类型3。

A series of rock loading experiments, including uniaxially compressing experiment, compressively-sheared fracturing experiment, bi-sheared faults friction sliding experiment and combined-fault activity experiment, are conducted by the utilization of thermal infrared imaging technology.

利用热红外成像技术，通过岩石单轴压缩、压剪、双剪摩擦滑移以及组合断层的双轴加载过程的红外观测实验，研究了岩石的两类应力活动以及典型构造活动的红外辐射规律。

Secondly, with a triaxial test instrument for unsaturated loess which can work with computerized tomograph carried original Q3 and Q2 loess testing on instantaneously, quantificationally and undamaged scanning. Combining CT images, data and stress-strain curve, this paper divided shearing process into 4 period with respectively analyzing studying.

其次，应用非饱和黄土的三轴CT扫描仪，进行了原状Q_3、Q_2黄土的三轴试验过程的动态、定量、无损的CT扫描，结合CT图像、数据与应力应变关系，对非饱和黄土的剪切过程分4个阶段进行了深入分析研究。

Pipe heat causes linesr expansion and rurtherresult in tensile stress in the direction of pipe xale to make cracks in direction perpendicular to the axle,in the case ,the stress value is obtained by ormula=E,and if ,it is estimated with 15mm LG PEX-A Pipe as base,the sectional breaking rorce is estimated approx.7.6kg/cm2,being much more little comparing with the concrete bearing force=1,536kg/cm2and its not needed to be anxious to concrete cracking rising.

由于管子的线性热膨而使管子受轴向伸长力，从人在与管轴成直角的方向上产生裂缝，这时的应力接计算，PEX－A按直径15mm标准计算进断面破坏强度约为7.6kg/cm2，比混凝土的支持力1.58kg/cm2小得多，所以不需要考虑管子对混凝土的破坏作用。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。