应力

When one of the four measuring components is roughly calibrated, the others can be calibrated precisely relative to the calibrated one. In this article we present the variation of stress and the equation of self-check of the reliability of the observed data.

在井下其中一个元件大体标定的情况下，对其他元件进行了相对精密标定，并给出了应力变化以及实现应力观测数据可靠性自校的计算公式。

Moreover, since the strain energy of zigzag tubes is larger than that of the armchair tubes with the same semidiameter, the ends of the armchair tubes are easier to be closed than those of the zigzag ones. And the closed structures of the zigzag tubes have a lot of defects, even at 3000 K, there will be few carbon atoms flying away from them.

此外，由于锯齿型碳管应力能比同口径扶手型碳管的应力能大，使得扶手型碳管比锯齿型碳管更容易形成端口封闭的结构，且锯齿型碳管端口的封闭结构出现相对较多的缺陷，甚至在3000K下会有少最碳原子从端口飞离碳管。

An engineering procedure for estimating crack growth behavior and fatigue lives of semielliptical surface cracks at weld toe s in complex stress fields was proposed based on a database of stress intensity factors and the elementary modes method developed by author.

以作者建立的焊趾半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子数据库以及复杂应力场中焊趾半椭圆表面裂纹前缘应力强度因子分布计算的基本模式法为基础，给出了复杂应力场中焊趾表面裂纹在疲劳扩展过程中形态变化规律及寿命的工程分析方法；并用这个方法计算了一些典型焊接接头在一些典型的外加应力场和残余应力场中的裂纹形态发展曲线。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The evaluation of Mises stress and shear force distributions under different cup positions.

主要观察指标：不同髋臼植入位置下髋臼内Mises应力及剪切应力的分布情况。

An applied tensile or compressive stress resolved into a shear component along a specific plane and direction within that plane.

一个实际拉或压应力沿某一特定平面和在该平面特定方向上分解得到的切应力分量。

In view of the questions in theoretic analysis and numerical simulation with the finite element method,the separation criterion of chips, the surface contact, the setting of friction coefficient,and the thermal stress coupling are researched. A simulation example is presented by applying the finite element analysis software-ANSYS,and the change of stress and strain in metal cutting process, the forming of shear plane and the influence of the temperature field on metal cutting are analyzed. The tool's strength is also analyzed.

基于理论分析和实际有限元数值模拟计算中遇到的问题，研究、讨论了切屑分离标准、表面接触、摩擦系数的设定、切屑与工件之间的连接以及热应力耦合分析等各项技术，并应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS，具体分析了金属切削过程中应力和应变的变化、剪切面的形成以及温度场对金属切削的影响，并依此对刀具作强度分析，得到若干结论。

The results show that the frictions caused by the wall of shear box will influence the distributions of stresses in specimens and the normal pressure stresses on the shear plane.

结果表明，剪力盒壁摩擦力将会影响试验土样中的应力分布和剪切面上的正压应力值。

The shear strength of this film is lower than that of the metal and functions as a lubricant.

在这个保护膜上面所产生的剪切应力要小于直接由金属表面产生的剪切应力。

The shear stress of particles is about 5% of the turbulent shear stress of the water.

颗粒剪切应力的数值约为水流紊动剪切应力的5％。

The feature of flow field and shear stress which is related to the atherosclerosis is analyzed.

计算不同时相、不同入口条件下的颈动脉窦流动场和壁面切应力分布，分析与动脉粥样硬化有关的流场特征和切应力特征。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷