应力

Based on statistical analysis of disced rock cores and rockburst about rock mass in exploration adit at the dam site where high ground stressis surrounded the causes of high ground stress are discussed in many respects, combined with characteristics of ground stress field, including the power source condition which is the regional tectonic setting and geological conditions, power storage conditions which is characteristic of lithology and structure of rock mass, power transformation and adjustment which is late reformation of rock mass. It is considered that high ground stress release is synthetical result caused by factors mentioned above.

针对坝区特定的高应力条件下岩体的应力释放现象，包括岩芯饼裂和勘探平硐岩爆发育普遍的特征，在统计分析的基础上，从力源条件-区域构造背景和地质构造条件、能力存储条件-岩性特征和岩体结构条件、后期演化-能量释放、转换与调整等分析的基础上，结合坝区地应力场分布的特征阐述了坝址区高地应力成因，认为坝区高地应力释放现象是上述各因素综合作用的结果。

Thirdly, surrounding rock deformation and failure process of layered rock mass in high geo-stress was reappeared through the physical models with different dip angle of rock stratum, and the stress change and failure discipline in the direction of vertical to bedding plane was definitely determined.

根据共和隧道砂质页岩的力学性质，运用相似理论，构筑不同倾角层状岩体的物理模型，研究了高应力条件下层状岩体围岩应力变化及变形破坏过程特征，确定了层状岩体在垂直于层面方向上围岩应力变化规律及破坏形态，揭示了深埋隧道层状岩体的破坏机理；物理模型实验研究得到的围岩应力变化规律及破坏特征与数值模拟分析的结果基本一致，同时也验证了横观各向同性弹塑性本构模型的正确性。

The influential soil constitutive models involving principal stress axes rotation, such as Matsuoka's model, kinematic hardening model, bounding surface model and the complete stress incremen...

对当前较有影响的含主应力轴旋转的土体本构模型（基于一般应力空间的土体本构模型、运动硬化模型、边界面模型、土体弹塑性应力应变关系的完全应力增量表述等等）进行了较为系统的评述。

In view of practical problem during Sulige gas field development, this paper complete follow study content. Study material balance theory of two district compound gas reservoir. Carry out stress sensitivity experiment on matrix rock and labor created fracture core from Sulige gas field with America Core Company high pressure high temperature flow experimental instrument to study stress sensitivity change rule of different permeability matrix rock and created fracture core at the condition of time and again switch on and off well and different drawdown pressure. Carry out depletion experiment on matrix rock of different permeability serial combination with different kinds of allocation, using double core clamper serial connected experimental apparatus, to study gas well production performance of bi-zonal compound low permeability reservoir during low pressure production stage. At the basis of experimental study, establish single well simulation model to analyze development index infection caused by stress sensibility and production performance infection rule caused by inner formation and outer formation of bi-zonal compound gas reservoir permeability variation while considering stress sensitivity.

针对苏里格低渗气田开发中存在的实际问题，完成以下研究内容；研究了两区复合气藏物质平衡原理；利用美国岩芯公司高温高压流动实验仪，对取自苏里格气田基质岩芯和人工造缝岩芯进行应力敏感实验，研究不同渗透率基质岩芯和造缝岩芯在多次开关井和不同生产压差条件下的应力敏感变化规律；采用双岩芯夹持器串联实验装置，对不同渗透率串联组合的基质岩芯进行各种配产条件下的衰竭实验，研究两区复合的低渗储层气井在低压生产阶段的生产动态特征；在实验研究的基础上，建立单井模拟模型分析储层应力敏感性和非均质性对开发指标的影响，研究考虑应力敏感时两区复合气藏储层中内区和外区渗透率变化对开发动态的影响规律。

There are fourteen chapters, including introduction, plane stress and plane strain, two-dimensional problems in rectangular coordinates, two-dimensional problems in polar coordinates, photoelastic and moire experimental methods, two-dimensional problems in curvilinear coordinates, analysis of stress and strain in three dimensions, general theorems, torsion, bending of bars, axisymmetric stress and deformation in a solid of revolution, thermal stress, the propagation of waves in elastic solid media, at last there is an appendix on the application of finite-difference equations in elasticity.

全书共十四章，包括绪论、平面应力和平面应变、直角坐标中的二维问题、极坐标中的二维问题、光弹性与云纹实验方法、曲线坐标中的二维问题、三维应力和应变问题、一般定理、简单的三维弹性问题、扭转、杆的弯曲、回转体中的轴对称应力和变形、热应力、弹性固体介质中波的传播，最后有一附录，讲述差分方程在弹性理论中的应用。

According to Lemaitre's damage evolution law and the assumption of this paper that the cyclic loading maximum tensile stress has the most contribution to the cyclic damage and assume that the stress is the maximum stress .The material parameters S which are expressed in exponential form and generalize the variation in the process of cyclic loading is exponential experience equation which provide the expectation of cyclic damage of 63Sn/37Pb material and lead it into the calculation of damaged incremental form and assume that damage keeps constant during the same cycle. The results match the experimental data. It proves that the Endochronic plasticity theorem adopt the calculation of damage environment.

根据Lemaitre损伤演化律及本文假设循环负载下拉应力在最大值附近对循环损伤的贡献最大，文中应力对各循环之损伤而言假设应力为最大拉应力，将材料参数S以指数型式表示，归纳出疲劳损伤在循环负载过程中的变化为指数型经验式，提供63Sn/37Pb材料在循环负载作用时损伤情况的预测，并引入含损伤增量式内涵时间之计算中，假设同一循环的损伤为定值，其计算结果与实验数据吻合，说明内涵时间塑性理论亦适用於损伤环境下的计算。

The measurement results show that the general characteristics of the present crustal stress field of the project area are as follows: the horizontal principal stress is the maximum principal stress, and the preferred orientation of the maximum horizontal principal stress is NW-WNW, the maximum principal stress of surrounding rocks of the plant buildings and high-pressure branch tunnel area is generally 14.5±0.5 MPa and the minimum principal stress is 9±0.5 MPa; the dead oad-bearing capacity of surrounding rocks is 10—14 MPa; and the surrounding rocks are essentially impermeable at high pressures of 8—10 MPa.

测量结果表明，工程区现今地壳应力场的总体特征为：水平主应力为最大主应力，最大水平主应力的优势方向为NW-NWW向；厂房和高压岔管区围岩的最大主应力值一般为14.5±0.5MPa，最小主应力值一般为9±0.5MPa；围岩自身的抗载强度一般为10～14MPa；在8～10MPa高压力作用下围岩基本不透水。

The longitudinal and lateral manganin gauges were used to determine the principal stresses in the shocked specimens,the lateral stress and longitudinal stress were measured in the 3～11 GPa range of shock stresses.

通过一维平面撞击实验，在Al2 O3抗弹陶瓷材料中进行了冲击波速度、飞片速度的测量和纵向应力、横向应力测量，得到了Al2 O3抗弹陶瓷的冲击波D up 关系，以及抗弹陶瓷在 3～ 1 1GPa压力范围内相应的横向应力和纵向应力关系曲线，并根据这一曲线得到了抗弹陶瓷的纵向应力与剪切强度的关系。

The developments of four strain components and the volumetric strain with number of cycles, the relationship between shear stress and shear strain and the effects of deviatoric stress and effective mean normal stress were studied.

着重分析了4个应变分量及体应变随应力主轴循环旋转周数的变化关系、剪应力剪应变关系以及所施加的剪应力水平和有效球应力在应力主轴循环旋转过程中对砂土变形特性的影响。

When the elastic modulus is high, stress and strain are mainly concentrated at edge of the overlap region, while those in weld spot zone are relatively even; when the elastic modulus is low, stresses in the adhesive layer are small while stresses are concentrated to a certain extent at edge of the weld spot.

分析发现，胶粘剂弹性模量对接头中应力应变分布的趋势有明显影响，胶粘剂弹性模量高时，搭接区边缘附近区域应力应变高，焊点区应力应变值相对较小；弹性模量低时，焊点边缘处存在一定的应力集中，胶层中应力较小。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。