应力

Two kinds of thermal residual stresses exist in metal matrix composites. One of them is temperature gradient induced thermal stresses caused by temperature gradient in MMC. The other can develop upon cooling from the processing temperature to room temperature due to the coefficient of thermal expasion mismatch between the fiber and matrix and is called CTE mismatch induced thermal stresses.

金属基复合材料有两种形式的热应力，一种是在MMC中由于温度梯度引起的热应力，即温度梯度诱导的热应力；另一种是在冷却过程中由于基体金属和纤维的热膨胀系数不匹配引起的热应力，即热膨胀系数不匹配诱导的热应力。

Simulation result of the experiment shows that unloading and recovery process of PTCS is not consistent with the local stress redistribution and concentration.It can be divided into four phases:1.local stress unloads first in the middle of PTCS;2. stress continues to unload near the incident bar.3.Stress continues to unload near the transmission bar,the first and second layer PT buckling rumple disappear;4.the whole PTCS vibrates elastically.

对具体冲击实验的数值模拟结果表明：相变柱壳的卸载恢复过程在柱壳结构中是不均匀的，伴随着壳体局部应力释放和局部应力集中，可以分为以下四个阶段：1、柱壳中部发生弯曲变形的壳体应力首先释放，2、靠近入射杆端的壳体应力继续释放，3、靠近透射杆端的壳体应力释放，第一层与第二层相变屈曲皱褶消失，4、柱壳整体弹性振动。

Consequently,the stress relaxation by vibration was resulted from interaction of residual stress,shearing stress and the shearing stress component of the tension and press stress field.

所以在振动时，应力松弛是由于残余应力、剪切应力和拉压应力的剪切应力分量共同作用的结果。

Generally, it can be divided into three types of floating stress, spindling stress and pressing stress, among which floating stress is the most important.

血管内流体压力的突然升高，在血管分叉处产生涡流；液体在血管内流动对管壁产生不同的应力，一般分流体切应力、轴向应力和压应力3种，其中流体切应力最为重要。

Based on the Inglis formula, which calculates the tangential stress of the surrounding rock of geological stress field in different circumstances, programme is developed to compute the corresponding tangential stress of the surrounding rock of several underground plants, for instance, Ertan project of Sichuan according to different directions of longitudinal axle.

从地下洞室周边切向应力的英格里公式出发，提出针对不同环境的地应力场进行地下厂房纵轴线方位优选的简便方法，并编程计算了四川二滩等多个地下厂房不同纵轴线方向所对应的洞室周边切向应力，分析不同纵轴线方向条件下洞室周边切向应力的极值，并与实际工程所选取的纵轴线方向所对应的切向应力值比较，讨论了工程所选纵轴线的合理性以及洞室周边应力的集中程度。

Through the analysis of the torsional stress produced in the open sections vehicle frame s under typical operation conditions the calculating formula is achieveal,which leads to the stress distribution of the open section frame and the ideas of improving the distribution of the torsional stress are discussed.

通过对常见开口截面车架在典型工况时扭转应力的分析，推导出扭转应力计算公式，从而得出了开口截面车架的一些应力分布规律，提出了改善车架扭转应力分布的具体措施。对汽车车架设计方案的拟定和车架应力分析具有指导作用

The affected factors to the whisht intensity of pipeline is analysed in two aspects: defectiveness and non. In the non-defectiveness aspect, the tranversing pipeline is considered as thin-wall container, and the annulus stress emerged from inner pressure as main stress on base of stress influence colligated with temperature and inner pressure, then amends it with the axis orientation stress, with the 4th intensity theory, we can calculate the whisht intensity of river tranversing oil pipeline.

从有缺陷和无缺陷两个方面对管道静强度的影响因素进行了分析，在无缺陷穿越管道的静强度分析中，是将穿越管道视为薄壁容器，并在综合考虑温度和内压对管道的应力影响的基础上，把由内压引起的环向应力当作主要应力，再用轴向应力加以修正，根据强度理论计算相当应力，从而实现了穿越河流输油管道的静强度计算。

The results show that the influences of duration and amplitude of stress wave on spallation process of rock under stress wave loading are important; and stress wave with different waveforms is characteristic of different stress values and different stress loading ratios during the same period of time, which brings about the comprehensive effect when difform stress wave is loaded to medium.

通过对不同应力波延续时间、不同应力波峰值和不同应力波波形下应力波诱发层裂过程的数值分析，对应力波反射诱发层裂的规律和机制进行探讨。

By way of parenthesis, In One-Point Input Method the relation is studied between the response and the correlative coefficient of horizontal and vertical earthquake wave.

提出了基于动剪应力极值的土体损伤值计算方法。以往计算土体在不规则的动剪应力作用下的损伤值根据的是动剪应力的峰值，在时域内多点输入分析中，由于差动力的的存在，使得时程后段动剪应力不穿零而在一侧做幅度不大的波动，基于峰值的损伤值计算特别过高地估计了这段剪应力的破坏作用，过高的程度还随延时增加而增加。

According to the stress-strain curve equation of concrete compression, we simplified the rectangle stress graph of the stress on the area of its bending cross-section in this paper. A general formula for the height of equivalent compression stress block and the stress strength formula were deducted.

根据混凝土受压应力－应变关系的常用曲线方程，对受弯截面压区混凝土应力进行了矩形应力简化，推导得到了等效矩形应力图形高度及应力强度的一般公式。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。