应力

The paper makes description of effective box beam construction technology and workmanship which can be adopted in other projects,such technologies as:manufacturing and fixing of reinforcement,steel reinforcement fixing baseplate,web plate and top plate respectively and lifting the steel skeleton into form,requirements of design and manufacturing and way of utilization for dismantling-erection type formwork and hydraulic formwork,optimization of concrete ratio,concrete pouring process of two ends of beam in priority over the middle,in sequence of first baseplate followed by web plate and top plate at last,concrete pouring in inclined section and in horizontal layer,concrete vibration mainly byexternal vibrator in assistance with internal vibrator,methods and regulation for steam curing of concrete,dual controls over stress and strain to ensure quality of prestressing workmanship,construction method of effective beam moving by heavy-weight special moving facility,some regulations and key notes about construction of grouting under pressure,beam ends sealing,water-proof layer on the bridge surface system,protective coating.

文中介绍的采用胎具制作和绑扎钢筋，分底腹板和顶板分别绑扎并吊装钢筋骨架入模；拆装式和液压式两种模板的设计、制作要求和使用方法；综合考虑、优化混凝土配合比，混凝土灌注从两端至中间、先底板、后腹板、再顶板的施工顺序和斜向分段、腹板水平分层、附着式振捣为主、插入式捣固为辅的施工工艺，蒸汽养护的方法和规定；应力～应变双控制确保预应力施工质量的施工技术；采用重物移运器有效移梁的施工方法；压浆、封端、桥面防水层和保护层施工的一些规定和注意事项等都是对箱梁制造行之有效的施工技术和施工方法，并可为以后类似施工作借鉴。

This paper presents results of the wall rock resistance, the lining-stress, distortion and stability of XinDaoGou double vault tunnel along Beijing-Chengde highway using the finite element method.

本文以京承高速公路新道沟连拱隧道为实例，应用有限元数值方法对连拱隧道二次衬砌的围岩抗力、应力、变形及其稳定性等问题进行了模拟与分析。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stress, displacement, strain and torsion angle were recorded.

主要观察指标：记录应变、位移、应力、扭角等力学量。

Fever, sun exposure, dehydration, poor nutrition, stress, menstruation, and other physical or emotional trauma cause cold sores.

发烧，暴露於太阳，脱水，营养差，应力，月经，和其他身体上或情绪上的创伤，造成冷疮。

In the nonlinear analysis,stress state and stress history are in respect to stress-strain law.

在非线性分析中，应力-应变关系不但与当前的应力状态有关，还与其应力历史有关。

A stress-strain diagram can be plotted using shear stress and shear strain.

应力-应变图可以用来表现剪切应力与剪切变形。

Color TV tube ; safety ; rimband ; mount-module line ; stress force ; implosion ; safety standard.

彩管；安全；防爆带；模圈线；应力；爆炸；安全标准

The coupling fields are analyzed with FEM method. The laws of frost heave and thawing settlement from this analysis are consistent with that from model simulation, which has proved that the analysis is correct.

建立了人工冻结土体冻结温度场、水分场、应力场及位移场的耦合数学模型，揭示了温度、水分、应力、位移相互作用的基本规律及其对冻胀融沉的影响；利用有限元方法进行了耦合场的分析，获得的冻胀融沉规律和实际结果具有完全相同的规律，证明了分析方法的正确性。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。