应力

The layer of cortical bone affects the stress condition and can decrease the stress concentration of cancellous bone.

厚度越大，越有利于降低松质骨的应力水平和其本身的应力集中现象。

Based on this result, and combined with mathematical models for describing the quenching process, the temperature, microstructure and stress field in quenching process were simulated by the FDM, the variation of microstructure and stress in quenching process was analyzed, and effect of the carburization on them was also analyzed.

基于渗碳模拟结果，根据描述淬火过程的数学模型，利用有限元法对试样淬火过程的温度场、组织场及应力场进行了数值模拟，分析了淬火过程中组织和内应力变化，及渗碳过程对淬火过程组织及应力变化的影响。

The numerical simution results show that there is slug flow in the plunger-cylinder of the annulus pipe,because of the existence of Casson yield stress.

数值研究结果表明，由于Casson屈服应力的作用，轴向同心环空内存在柱塞流动，柱塞的大小与Casson屈服应力成正比，与压力梯度成反比。

By using the Muskhelishvili complex methods, the issue of interaction between bimaterial incline crack s was reduced to solve the Cauchy singular integral equations, in which the unknown functions are the dislocation density functions.

采用 Muskhelishvili复变函数方法，研究两相材料中两根倾斜裂纹应力强度因子的相互影响，将问题归结为求解一组 Cauchy型奇异积分方程，对倾斜裂纹端点的应力强度因子作了数值求解。

Study on the background of mineralization system dynamics shows that formation and evolution of the celestite mineralization system are controlled by uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the collision of Gondwanaland and the Eurasia continent, structure stress and thermal-dynamics are the key factors of formation and evolution of the celestite mineralization system.

对该区成矿系统动力学背景研究表明，印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞及青藏高原的隆升控制着锶矿成矿系统的形成和演化；构造应力与热动力是盆地锶矿成矿系统形成演化的关键因素，而构造应力是盆地内一系列热水活动的主要动力来源。

It shows that this mechanical condition may be useful in chondrocyte culture.

这一应力条件可以在软骨细胞移植治疗方法中作为选择体外软骨细胞培养应力环境条件的参考。

Circular tunnel ; stress functions ; the theory of complex potential ; stress concentration

圆形隧道；应力函数；复势理论；应力集中

The influence of free surface on tunnels is discussed.The influence of blasting vibration on fresh concrete lining is studied. The finite element method is employed to analyze the spatial distribution of temperature and thermal stress of fresh concrete lining, the wave function expansion method is used to study the interaction of blasting seismic wave and the circular tunnel with lining, thenthe safe PPV of fresh concrete lining with different age is decided by taking into account the thermal stress of concrete lining. Using the conformal mapping method, the influence of blasting vibration on the arch tunnel with lining is studied and the safe PPV of concrete lining is deduced under different incident angle.

研究了爆破振动对新浇混凝土衬砌的影响，采用有限元法求出了圆形洞室新浇混凝土衬砌内温度和温度应力在空间上的分布及其随时间的变化，采用波函数展开法求解了爆破地震波与有衬砌圆形洞室的相互作用，获得了考虑新浇混凝土衬砌内温度应力前提下不同龄期的新浇混凝土衬砌的安全振速；利用保角变换研究了爆破振动对直墙拱形有衬砌隧洞的影响，得到了爆破地震波以不同角度入射时混凝土衬砌的安全振速。

Firstly establishing mechanical model of casing structure , and then processing casing forces analysis using space finite-element method and superposition method(put structure stress and outer force stress together), it computes the stress of casing in three dimensions, and gets the internal force and transmutation. The structure of casing-coadjutor is computed overlaply and the question of contact is solved. In the aspect of design, it provides the mixed integer-discrete variable optimization method of casing cross section size and coadjutor layout.

本文就上述两个问题的最优化设计展开研究，首先建立了套管结构的力学模型，进行套管的受力分析，用了空间有限元法和叠加法(结构应力和外载应力相叠加)，对套管进行三维计算，确定结构的内力和变形，对套管—扶正器结构进行整体的叠代计算，解决接触问题；在设计方面，提出了解决套管截面尺寸参数和扶正器布局的混合整数—离散变量优化方法。

The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deforming temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of the alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function with a hot deformation activation energy of 196.27 kJ/mol. Partial recystallization takes place in the alloys deformed at a high temperature or at a low strain rate, and large number of dislocations and subgrains are observed in the alloy. The elongated grains observed in the samples coarsen with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Correspondingly, the subgrain size increases and the dislocation density decreases. The main soften mechanism of the alloy transforms from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.

结果表明：Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力随着温度的升高而减小，随着应变速率的增大而增大；该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述，其变形激活能为196.27kJ/mol；在变形温度较高或应变速率较低的合金中发生部分再结晶，并且在合金组织中存在大量的位错和亚晶；随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低，合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化，亚晶尺寸增大，位错密度减小，合金的主要软化机制逐步由动态回复转变为动态再结晶。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。