应力

A new method of the design for tie bar and falsework during the construction of the thin-wall of bridges;2. Study on the Dowel and Tie Bar in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement;3. In order to overcome the problem of early failure of the tie bar in the plastics injection molding machine, an integrated finite element analytic model was formulated dealing with the tie bar s,fixed platen, movable platen, and rear platen.

针对注塑机拉杆的早期断裂问题，为使拉杆应力分布合理化，以拉杆与定模板、动模板和调模板等组成的整体有限元分析模型为基础，用优化方法研究拉杆卸载槽的合理位置以及各模板基本厚度的确定，以及拉杆卸载槽的位置和各模板基本厚度对拉杆应力分布的影响。

To give the definition of the mass concrete and to concrete\'s cracks together with practical meanings of control ,and give a brief review on the research in the field at home and abroad, at last, methods to control temperature crack of the mass concrete from several aspects such as design measures,concrets material, construction schedules.etc are summed up; To explain the physical mechanics of the concrete and computing methods-Difference Method and Finite Element Method, and illustrate the application of their specific methods repectively;Several temperature factors that can influence the temperature stress of mass concrete baseplate are analyzed. The influence degree of temperature factor can be got through the ANSYS simulation computation the control of temperature can control the temperature stress, consequently control the temperature crack of mass concert baseplate; through the influence of the crack resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate which takes the reinforcement as a part is analyzed. By ANSYS simulation, the best suited volume ratio of reinforcement is found out, at same time the layout of reinforcement with the same volume ratio can also affect the resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate. Sum up of above analysis, anti-crack function of steel bar in early mass concrete baseplate is obvious, so it\'s necessary to consider beneficial effect of construction steel bar in research of temperature control on mass concrete baseplate.

本文先容了大体积混凝土及混凝土裂缝的基本概念，对国内外在这个领域里的研究现状作了扼要叙述，并从结构设计、混凝土材质、施工措施等方面总结了大体积混凝土温度裂缝控制的方法及防止措施；阐述了混凝土的基本物理力学性能，总结了大体积混凝土温度计算的方法——差分法和有限元法，并分别举例说明其具体应用的方法；分析了影响大体积混凝土底板温度应力的几种温度因素，利用ANSYS模拟计算，得出了每种因素的影响程度，通过分析提出了在这几种温度影响因素下如何通过控制温度以达到控制温度应力从而来控制裂缝的具体建议；针对大体积混凝土基础底板中配筋的不同对混凝土底板抗裂能力的影响不同，利用ANSYS进行模拟分析，得出底板中最合适的体积配筋率，同时分析了在相同体积配筋率下钢筋的具体布置对大体积混凝土基础底板抗裂能力的影响，分析表明，配置钢筋对混凝土结构的开裂阻止作用明显，在研究大体积混凝土温度裂缝题目时，要考虑钢筋在其中的有利作用。

As described in this paper, basing on the stress concentration factor and the equations given by Craeger and Barnby, a mathematical expression Ni=B(1/2π/2⊿σ_~m is derived for calculating the initiation life of fatigue cracks for the externally short notches on the fitted axles caused by the application of bending stresses.

本文根据Craeger公式、Barnby公式及缺口应力集中系数，导出了浅缺口在弯曲应力作用下的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的表达式：。

In this paper,the factors influencing fatigue life of bellows were sfudiad and analysed by a statistical method.

运用统计学的方法对影响膨胀节疲劳寿命的因素进行了分析和研究，证实了EJMA标准对多层膨胀节的应力计算，对非轴向位移的当量化处理以及对压力应力的影响系数方法都是恰当的。

At the same mesh point, the bending stress on the gear is bigger than that on the pinion.

对于同一啮合点，凹齿轮齿根应力大于凸齿轮的齿根应力。

The results show that the critical stress intensity factor under biaxial stress increases with the increasing of biaxial stress ratio.

研究结果表明，裂纹失稳扩展时的应力强度因子值随着双向应力比的升高而升高。

The results show that the critical stress intensity factor under biaxial stress increases with the increase of biaxial stress ratio.

研究结果表明，裂纹失稳扩展时的应力强度因子值随着双向应力比的升高而升高。

AIM: To investigate the regularly of stress distribution and the areas of stress concentration in different structures of the mandible subjected to impact loading so as to provide references for studying biodynamics of the mandibularimpact injury.

目的：探讨撞击载荷作用时下颌骨不同结构的应力分布规律、应力集中区域，为研究下颌骨撞击损伤的生物力学机制提供参考依据。

AIM: To investigate the regularty of stress distribution and the areas of stress concentration in different structures of the mandible subjected to impact loading so as to provide references for studying biodynamics of the mandibular impact injury.

目的：探讨撞击载荷作用时下颌骨不同结构的应力分布规律、应力集中区域，为研究下颌骨撞击损伤的生物力学机制提供参考依据。

Using the finite element method to the industry boiler tube plate carries on the qualitative analysis,and obtains the industry boiler commonly used three kind of types tube plates under the similar size specification and the stress condition distortion and the stress distribution,as well as biggest stress value and position.

通过利用有限元方法对工业锅炉管板进行定性的分析，得出工业锅炉常用两种类型的三种管板在同样尺寸规格和受力条件下的变形和应力分布，以及最大应力数值和位置。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。