应力

The stress-strain index under torsion, three-spot bending and compression of the complete fresh tibia was determined with the vertical compression stress 0-1 000 N, torsion angle 0°-3°, and three-spot bending stress

测定完整的新鲜人胫骨在扭转、三点弯曲、压缩等状态下的应力-应变指标，确定垂直压缩应力为0~1 000 N，扭转角度为0°~3°，三点弯曲应力为

In the light of the shortcomings of the traditional method for predicting the fatigue life of coiled tubing, a new method for the reliability analysis of coiled tubing is offered, that is, normalizing the fatigue test data of coiled tubing with different materials and stress states by introducing a compound random variable X=NS2 based on low cycle fatigue curves.

预测连续油管疲劳寿命传统方法是将许多试样在不同应力水平的循环载荷作用下进行试验直至失效，从而作出S－N曲线，供工程参考，这样不仅费用高，且模拟实际应力条件也较困难。为此，根据低周疲劳曲线，通过引入复合随机变量X=NS2，对不同材料和应力水平下的连续油管疲劳实验数据进行了归一化处理。

In-situ monitoring gave the following results: 1 a tension stress zone occurred at the bottom of reinforced rock mass which indicated that the role of rock bolting was remarkable; 2 stress concentration at surrounding rock of main shaft was gradually transferred from shaft wall to complete rock mass far from shaft center; 3 vertical displacement was gradually smaller from up to bottom and from center to outside of the reinforced loose rock mass.

首先，建立了主溜井三维有限元计算模型，模拟了主溜井围岩的塌落破坏过程和加固后的加固体的稳定性及变形特性；同时，还采用多点位移计等对加固体的稳定性进行了实地监测。计算结果表明：网棚锚注加固体的纵剖面上的压力和位移规律是①加固体下部局部出现拉应力区，表明锚杆的使用是合理的；②加固体内的应力由塌落中心向周围围岩过渡，应力越来越大，最终将荷载传至围岩中；③从下到上下沉逐渐减小；④从加固体中心到周围下沉位移逐渐减小，且近似一条抛物线。

The stress distribution on the cross section of geotextile with a circle or an ellipse or a square hole under uniaxial tension or double-axial tension was calculated with boundary element method program. The results show that the stress concentration appear at the range from the hole side to about 3 times of the hole diameter, and the degree of stress concentration near the hole is related to the shape of the hole, the size of the hole, the position of the hole and the dimension of the specimen.

用边界元法程序分别对开有圆孔或椭圆孔或方孔的土工织物试样在单向与双向拉伸时孔截面上的应力分布情况进行了计算与分析，结果表明：土工织物孔截面上的应力集中出现在距孔边3倍左右的孔径尺寸范围内；孔边附近应力集中的程度与孔的形状、大小、位置及试样的尺寸有关。

In the nonlinear analysis,stress state and stress history are in respect to stress-strain law.

在非线性分析中，应力-应变关系不但与当前的应力状态有关，还与其应力历史有关。

Based on Hill' elastic-plastic instability theory,the velocity field for sheet instability which is caused by the shear stress during sheet metal forming is developed,and the theoretical formula of the wrinkling critical shear stress is proposed.

以Hill关于弹塑性失稳理论为基础，建立了剪应力起皱失稳的速度场分布，给出了临界起皱剪应力理论计算结果，分析了板料屈服强度、硬化指数、板厚方向性指数及板料厚度对临界剪应力的影响，并与实验和数值模拟结果进行了对比。

The evolvement of grain orientation for the sheets during this processing and the influence of channel clearance on it were investigated.The results indicate that the shear stress and compression stress are put on the sheet at the channel corner during equal channel angular rolling.And the shearing deformation on...

结果表明，在等径角轧制过程中，板材在模具转角处受到剪应力和压应力的作用；随通道间隙的增加，板材的变形由剪切变形演变为剪切+弯曲变形，甚至弯曲变形；由于剪应力的作用，AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒取向由普通轧制所形成的基面取向转变为等径角轧制后的非基面取向，随着剪切变形量的减小，基面沿轧制方向的偏转角度也逐渐减小。

Load increased on piston,unreasonable design of piston pin boss,unevenly distributed positive stress on pin hole,stress on inside upper area of pin hole much higher than that on outside,the quality problem in machining and assembly are main reasons of fracture of steel-topped aluminium-skirted piston skirt .

活塞承受的负荷不断提升，活塞销座设计不合理，销孔正应力分布不均匀，销孔内侧上方区域应力远高于外侧应力以及加工和装配中存在的质量问题是柴油机钢顶铝裙组合活塞裙部裂损的主要原因。

Results show that when improving spot pitch in weld bonded joints with high elastic modulus adhesives, stresses in weld spot zone are decreased while stresses and strains at edges of overlap region are increased slightly. For the joints with low elastic modulus adhesives, both stress concentration degree at the weld spot and the shear strain at edges of overlap region are increased with the spot pitch increasing.

结果表明，高弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，增大焊点间距，焊点区应力减小而搭接区边缘胶层中的应力应变略有增大；低弹性模量胶粘剂胶焊接头中，焊点处应力集中程度和搭接区边缘胶层中的剪应变值都随焊点间距的增加而增大，增加焊点间距，两种接头的胶层断裂强度都将降低。

In view of this phenomenon this thesis suggests that the placement of soil nailing forms the soil arching in the soil-nailed wall. This function can be described by Tezaghi's stresstransfer theory. It is the stress transfer that decreases the vertical stress of soil and increases the soil's self-stability and its bearing capability.

针对这一现象，本文认为土钉的设置在土体中形成了土拱作用，这种作用可以用太沙基应力传递理论来描述，正是由于应力的传递减小了土体所受的垂直应力，提高了土体自稳性及承载能力。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。