应力

Thirdly, according to the development of the frozen soil, the coupling model of single freezing pipe of axial symmetry of temperature field, stress field and moisture migration is put forward firstly. Then, by means of the progressing principle of potential field, the coupling model of temperature field, stress field and moisture migration which is under the condition of the multi-freezing pipes is extended. At last, the energy balance equation, stress balance equation, quality balance equation, geometric equation, physical equation, initial and boundary conditions etc are adopted to give the analytic solution to the problem of plane axial symmetry of single freezing pipe.

第三，在对室内试验和现场实测结果研究的基础上，分析了土体冻结过程中温度场、应力场、水分场耦合原理，并按照冻土体形成发展过程，首先建立了单一冷源冻结轴对称温度、应力、水分场耦合模型；接着利用势场的迭加原理，将单一冷源情况的三场耦合问题推广到多冷源情况的三场耦合；最后根据能量守恒平衡方程、应力平衡方程、质量守恒平衡方程、几何方程、物理方程、初始及边界条件，解出了单一冷源平面轴对称问题的解析解。

In this elasto-plastic model, the theory of plastic potential is not used, stress-strain relationship is extracted from triaxial test data.

本文提出的这种建立弹塑性本构模型的过程中，并没有使用塑性势理论，应力-应变关系是从试验数据中提取的。

Before this event there were 8 anomalies in 14 observation items, such as seismometry, radon content in groundwater, water temperature, Hg, leveling, base-line, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, gravity, stress.

5.1 级地震前有测震、水氡、水温、水汞、水准、基线、地磁、地电、重力、应力 14 个观测项目，出现了 4 个异常观测项目 8 项次异常，这些异常中短期异常占多数。

This stress - energy tensor can only be defined in

应力-能量张量在

In general relativity, the stress tensor is studied in the context of the Einstein field equations which are often written as

在广义相对论中，应力-能量张量主要出现在爱因斯坦场方程式的研究题材中，方程式常写为

To the intersection of the stress-strain curve, and a line par allel to its straight line portion

应力。金属的偏置值通常是0.2%，也就是说偏置直线与0 应力轴的交点在应变在

The main study areas of SEIZE include:(1)physical nature of asperity;(2)temporal relationships among stress, strain, and pore fluid pressure throughout the earthquake cycle;(3)controls on the updip and downdip limits of the seismogenic zone of subduction thrusts;(4)nature of tsunamigenic earthquake zones;(5)role of large thrust earthquake in mass flux.

SEIZE的主要研究内容包括：①凸凹体的物理性质；②在地震周期里，应力、应变和孔隙流体成分随时间的变化；③在俯冲逆冲断层上，发震带上界和下界的确定；④引起海啸的发震带的特征；⑤大型逆冲带地震在物质转换过程中所起的作用。

As the environment parameters change, the codes which are the Bragg wavelengths of the FBGs accordingly change in the same time and in the same location, so as to increase the system capability, realize the measurement of temperature stress and pressure for special engineering (such as oil tank, power station, tunnel) in a way of distributing measurement.

利用编码式光纤光栅的布拉格波长对待测对象的位置和温度、应力、应变等进行编码，当待测对象的环境参量发生变化时，与之对应的编码，即编码式光纤光栅的布拉格波长随之同时同点发生变化，借以提高传感系统的容量，实现对特定对象(如油罐、油气管道、高压变电站等)的温度以及应力、应变等的准分布式定点测量。

From the lifespan of relay point of view, a reliability criterion was provided based on dynamic characteristics of anti-forces. Mathematical model of tolerance design with reliability was set up under usage of "stress-strength interference method", taken some critical dynamic characteristics as identification objects such beginning of contact separation speed, speed of collision and gag bit impact velocity. This model showed that lower values of characteristic parameters center and quantitative descriptively relationship between tolerance and product reliability. Multi-objective optimization model of relay tolerance distribution was completed when some factors such as reliability, processing costs and its feasibility into consideration. Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine weight coefficients of various objectives, and usage of simulated annealing, this study performed optimal reliable tolerance allocation of space electromagnetic relay, and then key technology segments were analyzed, accompanying its course measured by controlling chart.

从继电器电寿命的角度，基于动态吸反力特性的配合提出了继电器的可靠性判别准则；在此基础上以触点分离初速度、触点碰撞速度以及衔铁碰撞速度等关键动态特性为判别对象，采用"应力-强度干涉法"建立了继电器可靠性容差设计数学模型，给出了下位特性参数中心值及其容差与产品可靠度之间的定量描述关系；综合考虑可靠度、加工成本及加工可行性等因素建立了继电器容差分配的多目标优化模型，基于层次分析法确定了各目标的权重系数，并采用模拟退火法实现了航天电磁继电器的可靠性容差最优分配；研究了继电器的关键工艺环节，并通过控制图对其过程能力进行了分析。

Limit,torsion modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture in torsion, and Torsional Strength.

应力-应变图，以测定扭转弹性极限、弹性模量，扭转中的断裂模量和扭转强度。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。