应力

The calculation results show that the initial geostress field in dam zone is a medium to high stress field composed of tectonic stress and dead-weight stress.

计算结果表明，大岗山坝区初始地应力场是一个在浅部以构造应力为主、在深部以自重应力为主、由构造应力和自重应力联合组成的中等偏高的地应力场，研究结果为坝区边坡开挖及长期稳定性分析提供了重要依据。

The tectonic stress is prominent at shallow level and the dead-weight stress is prominent at deep level, which provides important reference basis for excavating simulation and long-term stability analysis of slope.

计算结果表明，大岗山坝区初始地应力场是一个在浅部以构造应力为主、在深部以自重应力为主、由构造应力和自重应力联合组成的中等偏高的地应力场，研究结果为坝区边坡开挖及长期稳定性分析提供了重要依据。

From FEM, the contact stress obeys the semi-ellipse distribution and the Mises stress and shear stress are also consistent with contact mechanics theory, but there exists offset or deflection in the symmetric lines of stress distribution, which originates from tooth bending deformation.

由有限元方法得到的渐开线轮齿的接触应力符合Hertz理论中的半椭圆分布规律，Mises应力和剪应力分布也符合接触力学理论，但应力分布的对称中心存在偏离或者偏斜现象，分析认为，是由于轮齿弯曲变形造成的。

According to the stress characteristics of coal floor with faults, corresponding simplified mechanical model is built to obtain the equations of shear stress and normal stress on the fault, as well as the influential rules of fault dip on shear stress, normal stress and fault activation.

针对含断层缺陷底板的受力特征，建立相应的简化力学模型，分析得到断层面上的剪切应力和法向应力表达式，并研究断层倾角对断层面上剪切应力、法向应力及断层活化的影响规律。

The results showed that the maximum secondary stress of upper chord located in the panel adjacent to roof ridge with the value exceeding primary stress,and the secondary stress in end panel is relatively smaller with the value of one third of the primary stress.

分析结果表明，上弦杆的次应力最大值在邻近屋脊的节间，最大可达到主应力的一倍以上，而端节间次应力相对较小，最大可达到主应力的1/3。

In this modified model, the effect of the stress concentration on the end stress in the fiber end region is considered, the average matrix strain is used to substitute for the so-called far field strain in the previous shear lag model. The change of the deformation states from elasticity to plasticity is considered and the interfacial shear stress and fiber axial stress are derived.

修正的模型合理考虑了纤维根区域应力集中对根应力的影响；用基体平均应变代替了经典剪切滞后模型中的远场应变；考虑了基体变形状态从弹性到塑性的变化，给出了塑性区上的表面剪切应力和纤维轴向应力的表达式。

After the result of cohesion-friction model is compared with Coulomb Criterion, it is found that when the results of shearing strength are many and adjacent the strength parameters can not be regressed by least square method, instead the results should be divided into some beelines at that time according to the cohesion-friction model.(4) Discuss the characters of hard structural plane and weak structural plane: The adhesive friction theory is applied to research the changing course of shear area of hard structural plane and its influence on shear stress.

3介绍了岩石强度理论中的粘接摩擦模型，运用此模型分析依附型滑动面的演化过程，并将其推广到边坡岩土体抗剪强度的选取，讨论了不同法向应力下峰值强度和残余强度随法向应力的变化规律，在此基础上给出抗剪强度的选取模式，讨论了对实际取值结果的影响，并与传统的Coulomb准则进行了比较分析，指出直剪试验的法向应力在小应力区的点较多且抗剪强度结果差异不大时，不宜直接运用最小二乘法回归抗剪强度参数，此时应结合粘接摩擦模型对结果进行线性分段。

Introduce the cohesion-friction model of rock strength theory, and extend the model to select the strength of sliding plane, discuss the variation rules of peak strength and residual strength under different normal stress, and then present the selection model of shearing strength. After the result of cohesion-friction model is compared with Coulomb Criterion, it is found that when the results of shearing strength are many and adjacent the strength parameters can not be regressed by least square method, instead the results should be divided into some beelines at that time according to the cohesion-friction model.(4) Discuss the characters of hard structural plane and weak structural plane: The adhesive friction theory is applied to research the changing course of shear area of hard structural plane and its influence on shear stress.

3介绍了岩石强度理论中的粘接摩擦模型，运用此模型分析依附型滑动面的演化过程，并将其推广到边坡岩土体抗剪强度的选取，讨论了不同法向应力下峰值强度和残余强度随法向应力的变化规律，在此基础上给出抗剪强度的选取模式，讨论了对实际取值结果的影响，并与传统的Coulomb准则进行了比较分析，指出直剪试验的法向应力在小应力区的点较多且抗剪强度结果差异不大时，不宜直接运用最小二乘法回归抗剪强度参数，此时应结合粘接摩擦模型对结果进行线性分段。

Controlled laminar flow through a rectangular tube was used to generate fluid shear stress (a range of 0-400dynes/cm〓) over a cell-lined coverslip or heart valve materials placed on the bottom of tube.

本文研制了内皮细胞切应力应力反应测试装置，对培养在Teflon表面的EC进行了切应力测试。这种装置可以调控切应力的大小。

The forms of fatigue cracks in bore of gun barrel are considered as edge cracks and semi-elliptical cracks. The stress intensity factors of gun barrel are calculated using a weight function method under the autofrettaged residual stress, thermal stress and assemblage stress.

3武器身管内表面的疲劳裂纹考虑为边裂纹和半椭圆型表面裂纹两种形式，用权函数方法研究了身管在自紧残余应力、温度应力和装配应力作用下的应力强度因子。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。