应力

Results About 55％ of the force was transferred through the radial head when the elbow was in extension and the forearm in pronation. When the radial head was sectioned, the stress at the lateral aspect of the ulna－ trochlea joint increased greatly than at the middle aspect.

结果经桡骨头传导的应力大小约占所施加应力的55％，桡骨头切除后，所施加的应力完全由肱尺关节承受，肱尺关节外侧关节面应力增加的幅度明显较内侧关节面大。

The biomimetic furrow opener surface with UHMWPE tubular section ridges recorded equivalent stress of0.968×10~8Pa and stress distribution in direction of motion of0.166×10~8Pa as the lowest stresses values compared to the other surface designs of furrow openers.

ANSYS分析表明普通推土铲具有最高的等应力和最高的在运动方向上的应力分布，其值分别为1.30×10~8Pa和0.76×10~8Pa；等应力和运动方向上应力的最低值分别为0.241×10~8Pa和0.159×10~8Pa，发生于没有非光滑结构的超高分子量聚乙烯材料板表面。

Positive tensile stress on iron undersurface relaxes to the inner of iron and negative tensile stress on iron undersurface concentrates on the side of iron as the temperature declining, so cracks easily appear at the site where positive and negative tensile stress cross.

在冷却过程中，铸铁下表面的拉应力逐渐向铸铁内部释放；同时，压应力逐渐向铸铁的两侧端面集中。因此在拉应力和压应力的交界处，容易产生裂纹。

Through the stress calculation of a 3d jacket platform in wave, the change of load combination acting on the braces of multiplanar joints was observed, the influence of different load combination on the maximum stress and the location of hot spot was revealed, and the error in stress estimation caused by regarding multiplanar joint as uniplanar joint was analyzed, which shows the necessity of stress analysis to multiplanar joints.

本文通过一座波浪中的三维导管架平台结构的接头应力分析，考察了接头的载荷组合形式随波浪的变化，揭示了不同的载荷组合形式对接头最大应力及其热点位置的影响，分析了将空间接头作为平面接头来估算最大应力时引起的误差，从而说明了进行空间接头应力分析的必要性。

An unit initial stress method to calculate stress intensity factor is introduced, which uses the degradation of the 1/4 node singular unit, calculates the stress through the crack tip close to the best stress point, and gets the stress intensity factor.

提出一种计算应力强度因子的单元初始应力法，该法采用退化的1/4节点奇异单元，通过近裂尖最佳应力点应力进行求解，进而求得应力强度因子。

Using FEM, the coupled action of thermal stress and crustal stress has been taken into account. The regularities of distribution of the horizontal displacement of surface of slope and the shear stress of junction plane between shotcrete and rock are discussed too. According to the analysis, under the combined action of thermal stress and crustal stress, top and foot of slope are liable to be destructed. Ordinary, the destructional form of the top is tensile failure and the bottom is shear failure. There are some time effect of displacement and stress in the surface of slope and distribution of temperature in slope, which agrees with actual measured rules.

采用有限元的方法，考虑地应力与温度应力的耦合作用，分析了在一定的边界温度作用下不同时刻边坡喷层面的水平位移，以及喷层与岩层结合面处的剪应力的分布规律；指出在温度应力与地应力的共同作用下，喷混凝土边坡坡顶与坡脚均为容易发生破坏的地方，通常坡顶的破坏型式为拉张破坏而坡脚则为剪切破坏；边坡内的温度分布、边坡表面的位移与应力的变化均存在一定的时间效应，这一规律与实测规律比较吻合。

It is assumed that volume of a soil mass not change if the effective stress is less than the preconsolidation stress, and the relation between the effective stress and the pore water pressure, the settlement and the preconsolidation stress was established.

1.3。在假定当土中有效应力小于先期固结应力时土体不产生排水固结变形的前提下，建立了有效应力与超静水压力、地基沉降以及先期固结应力之间的关系式。

The model could also explain the changing regularity of stress, the cause of generation of residual stress during drying and the relievable effect of viscoelastic strain and mechano-sorptive strain on drying stress.

模型验证实验表明，本文提出的干燥应力模型可以准确描述木材干燥应力应变变化规律；但此干燥应力模型不能计算和解释调湿处理过程中的干燥应力。

The conclusion is that sheering and radial stress are dominant in viscosity shearing force, and that Reynolds stress is larger than viscosity stress in turbulent flow, and the multiple is the Reynolds number.

由分析可知在粘性应力中，切向和径向剪切应力占主导地位；而在湍流条件下，雷诺应力是粘性应力的若干倍数，此倍数在量级上即为雷诺数。

The expression of p-p38 and Rho GDIαwas upregulated in LCA by either low shear stress or hypertension. However, the highest expression of p-p38 and Rho GDIαwas observed in LCA of low shear stress accompanied by hypertension.(4) Effect of low shear stress on both decreasing apoptosis and increasing proliferation of VSMCs in LCA was reversed by tributyrin, a HDAC inhibitor.

当高血压伴有低切应力时，两者的协同作用诱导p-Akt的表达水平进一步增加；(3)高血压和低切应力都可以诱导颈总动脉p38和Rho GDIα表达增加；当高血压伴有低切应力时，两者的协同作用诱导颈总动脉p38和Rho GDIα表达进一步增加；(4)HDAC抑制剂Tributyrin可以通过抑制VSMCs增殖，促进VSMCs凋亡，在干预低切应力诱导的血管重建中发挥作用。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。