库恩

Chinese philosophy ; analytic and comparative study ; Kuhn's paradigm ; traditional approach of China studies ; reconstructionist approach in studying philosophy

中国哲学；分析和比较研究；库恩范式；传统汉学研究方式；哲学建构研究方式

When I wrote an essay in 1995 on prematurity in science﹝O.W. Sacks, Scotoma: Forgetting and Neglect in Science, Ed. R. B. Silver (New York: New York Review of Books, 1996), 141-187﹞, I cited among many other examples, the failure to comprehend or see the relevance of gradiential theory when it was published; Luria himself found it incomprehensible in 1969, when Glodberg first presented it to him. But there has been a great change, a paradigm shift in the last decade, partly connected with theories of global brain function such as Gerald Edelman's partly with the development of neural nets as modelling systems massively parallel computer systems, and the like, and the concept of cerebral gradients-Glodberg's vision as a student-is now much more widely accepted.

1995年，当我著手撰写一篇有关科学的未成熟性的论文，我援引许多例子来说明当气候未成熟时，许多先知是被忽略了，在其中，我引用了高德伯的递变理论。1969年，高德伯第一次提出这个理论时，他的指导教授卢瑞亚认为是不可能的，但是过去十年来，研究的典范改变了(paradigm shift，如库恩Kuhn所说的)，这个改变一部分是因为艾德曼等人的宏观大脑功能理论的提出，部分则是因为神经网路的发展(例如类神经网路模式、平行处理系统)，还有一部分原因是高德伯的大脑递变理论已逐渐被接受。

For contemporary work, private collectors have particular advantages: free of state bureaucracy, they can respond quickly to the fast pace, and show work in ways that are too radical for traditional museums – in the confiscated-goods warehouse of a former drug enforcement agency in Miami, for example, that since 1996 has housed the Rubell Family Collection, ranging from sensationalist Chinese photography by Zhang Huan to Jeff Koons' vacuum cleaners.

对于当代艺术品而言，私人收藏家拥有特殊优势：他们摆脱了政府官僚主义的束缚，能够迅速对快速发展做出回应，同时能够以对传统博物馆而言过于激进的方式展示作品，例如在迈阿密的前稽毒署的一个没收商品的储藏室进行展示，自1996年以来，这里一直是卢贝尔家族珍藏馆的展区，展示的作品从中国的张桓那精湛的摄影作品到杰夫·库恩斯的真空吸尘器。

He take the aim of his later work as to fill in the philosophical skips of the Structure.

因此库恩在后期的主要研究旨趣，是要填补《结构》遗漏的哲学环节。

Various schools of antirealism can be summarized as Kuhn thought mainly emphasizing the model function,Feyerabend's"anarchism"methodology, the Larry Laodan's instrumentalism and Van Frraasen's constructive empiricism and so on.

概括各种反科学实在论，主要有以强调范式作用的库恩思想、费耶阿本德的&无政府主义&方法论、劳丹的工具主义和范·弗拉森的建构经验论等。

This dissertation argues that the thesis that observation is "theory-laden" is tenable only in very limited cases, and that it does not have enough supportive force for Kuhn to draw his phenomenalistic conclusions from it.

文章论证了，科学哲学中的&观察渗透理论&论题其实只在很有限的情况下才成立，它完全不足以让库恩得出现象论的结论。

Its Welf Schnell who advocated to establish the Study Group for the History and the Philosophy of Chinese Science and Technology, Iwo Amelung who did some researchs on the hitory of Chinese water conservancy, the graphics and the physics, Dieter Kuhn whogot outstanding accomplishments in research on the history of Chinese fabric and Song Dynasty, Hans Ulrich Vogel who published lots of papers mainly related to the salt history in China, and attached himself to many activities sponsored by some academic organization, Paul U.

维快倡导建立了中国科技历史科技哲学中心；阿梅龙对中国水利史、中国制图学、物理学等方面的问题都有所研究；迪特库恩在中国纺织史、宋史的研究方面成果卓著，并且著述宏丰；傅汉思以盐史为主的中国科技史研究发表了的大量文章，并参与为数众多的学术组织的活动；文树德Paul U。

He censures that both the traditional theory of meaning and Kripke"s causal chain theory of reference couldn"t explain terms meaning change between scientific revolution.

在库恩看来，无论是传统的意义理论还是新的指称因果理论，都不能有效地说明科学革命后同一术语的意义变化。

Famous Hungarian communist Bela Kuhn and his comrades flayed dozens of political 'enemies' of communism.

著名的匈牙利xxx贝拉-库恩和他的同志活剥了几十个政治&敌人&的皮。

Harding illuminates the idea of multiple modernities as well as the major contributions of post-Kuhnian Western, feminist, and postcolonial science studies.

哈丁照亮多个现代性观念以及职位的重大贡献，库恩西方，女权主义者和后殖民科学的研究。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。