序列性

Key words: Amanita; rDNA; ITS sequence analysis; classification and identification; Macrofungi

本研究在对采自浙江西南部丽水山区的7个鹅膏菌标本进行初步鉴定的基础上，对7个鹅膏菌的rDNA ITS区段进行序列测定和序列特征比较分析，并进一步对ITS序列进行核酸序列数据库GenBank同源性检索比对，构建起系统发育树以期为基于传统形态特征对7个鹅膏菌做出的分类鉴定提供分子依据。

PmMYB is a typical R2, R3-MYB transcription factor with its 2 typical DNA-binding domains (amino acid sites of 13-63 and 66-114).The multiple alignment of R2, R3 amino acid repeat regions of MYB genes among broomcorn millet, rice, corn, loblolly pine, Arabidopsis, capsicum, upland cotton, barley and aubergine indicates that R2, R3 repeat regions are very conserved. The phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequence shows that MYB genes are highly divergent with similarity ranging from 32% to 84%.

对其与水稻、玉米、火炬松、拟南芥、辣椒、陆地棉、大麦及茄子等9种植物的 MYB 基因的R2、R3重复区的氨基酸序列多重比较，表明R2R3重复序列在植物中具有较高的保守性；基于氨基酸序列的编码区系统进化树分析表明，不同植物的MYB基因遗传分化很大，序列相似性为32%~84%，其中糜子 MYB 基因与水稻的 MYB18相似程度最高(84%)，与大麦和玉米的相似性分别为46%和41%。

The multiple alignment of R2, R3 amino acid repeat regions of MYB genes among broomcorn millet, rice, corn, loblolly pine, Arabidopsis, capsicum, upland cotton, barley and aubergine indicates that R2, R3 repeat regions are very conserved.

对其与水稻、玉米、火炬松、拟南芥、辣椒、陆地棉、大麦及茄子等9种植物的 MYB 基因的R2、R3重复区的氨基酸序列多重比较，表明R2R3重复序列在植物中具有较高的保守性；基于氨基酸序列的编码区系统进化树分析表明，不同植物的MYB基因遗传分化很大，序列相似性为32%~84%，其中糜子 MYB 基因与水稻的 MYB18相似程度最高(84%)，与大麦和玉米的相似性分别为46%和41%。

The identity between pmDmrt2 and the Dmrt2 of Danio rerio, Xenopus Laevis , Gallus gallus , Mus musculu ,Homo sapiens is 95%, between pmDmrt3 and the Dmrt3 of Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, Gallus gallus, Rattus norvegicus,Homo sapiens is 85%, and 97% between pmDmrt4 and the Dmrt4 of Oryzias latipes and Takifugurubripes. Our results further reveal the evolutionary conservation of the DM domain gene family in both invertebrates and vertebrates.

序列分析表明，pmDmrt2编码的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、爪蟾、红原鸡、家鼠、人等的Dmrt2的一致性为95 %；pmDmrt3编码的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、青鳉、红原鸡、家鼠、人的Dmrt3的一致性为85%；pmDmrt4编码的氨基酸序列与青鳉、红鳍多纪鲀的Dmrt4一致性高达97%，进一步证明该基因家族在无脊椎动物和脊椎动物都具有高度的进化保守性。

Sequence analysis reveals the identity rate of β-actin cDNA nucleotide sequence between the rice field eel and Tilapiamossambica, Salmo salar, Oryzias latipes, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Danio rerio, Carassius auratus, Physalaemus pustulosus, Bos taurus, Gall us gallus, Mus musculus, Hoino sapiens are 68%~95%; and the similarity of 3-actin amino acid sequence is 97%~100%.

将所得序列与各科鱼、蛙、鸡、牛、鼠、人等的β-肌动蛋白基因序列同源性分析显示，核苷酸序列具有68%~95%的相似性，氨基酸序列具有97%~100%相似性，显示该基因在生物进化过程中的保守；系统发育分析表明黄鳝β-肌动蛋白基因与罗非鱼的亲缘关系最近。

The different fishes which are employed in the present studies are wild-type salmon, cultured salmon of freshwater and seawater, sea perch and fat greenling. The complete CT gene sequences of salmons are obtained by PCR amplification. The partial CT sequences of sea perch and fat greenling are obtained by in vitro cloning PCR method. Alignment of obtained CT sequences with other fish CT shows that CT appears to be well conserved among the same family. And the relative in taxonomy is far away, the similarity of different fish CTs is low. On the contrary, the closer the relative in taxonomy is, the higher the similarity of different fish CTs is. The sCT is expressed in pGEX-4T-X by recombinant form . We also succeed in the research of sCT expression alone by expression PCR. In addition, sCT antiserum is obtained using GST-sCT as antigen, and the high titer is tested by double immunodiffusion. In the rat bioassay, administration of 50 μg recombinant protein evoked significant hypocalcemia at 1 h after the data are analyzed by t-test.

本文用PCR方法克隆了野生鲑鱼、养殖鲑鱼的降钙素基因，并应用体外克隆PCR的方法首次克隆出鲈鱼、六线鱼降钙素的部分基因序列，通过对克隆的降钙素序列的比较研究，结果显示同一科的鱼降钙素序列保守性较高，同时，根据降钙素的部分氨基酸序列进行了降钙素相似性的比较研究，结果显示在分类学上，分类地位较远的鱼，其降钙素相似性较低，分类地位越接近的鱼，其降钙素相似性越高；我们利用谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Glutathions S-transferase，GST)融合表达载体pGEX-4T-X对克隆的鲑鱼降钙素基因进行了融合表达研究，应用表达PCR的方法对降钙素基因的独立表达进行了初步的研究探索，并将纯化的融合蛋白作为抗原，获得了高效价的兔抗鲑鱼降钙素免疫血清；生物活性研究表明，大肠杆菌表达的融合蛋白具有显著的降血钙作用。

When compared with S7 and its putative protein of Lymantria dispar cypovirus 1 and Bombyx mori cypovirus 1, 97.2% and 87.0% identities in the nucleotide level, and 98.7% and 92.8% identities in the amino acid level were found, repectively. BLAST search program revealed some similarity between DpCPV-HN P50 and DnaK-like protein of Mycoplasma hominis.

该基因组与舞毒蛾质多角体病毒1型和家蚕质多角体病毒1型S7节段有很高的同源性，核苷酸序列同源性分别为97.2%和87.0%，氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.7%和92.8%。P50多肽与人型支原体的DnaK样蛋白在C-末端有相似性。

The open reading frame of cDNA is of 603 bp, which encodes GH precursor consisted of 200 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment indicates that the average value of sequence homology approaches to 92.4% among 7 species of siluriforms catfish, the highest is 95.8% between Silurus, meridicnalis and S. asotus, lowest is 89.4% between C. lazera and S. asotus.

克隆的革胡子鲶GH cDNA开放阅读框全长603bp，编码由200个氨基酸残基组成的生长激素前体。5个科7种鲶形目鱼类GH基因序列同源比较结果表明，7种鲶形目鱼类间GH基因序列的同源性很高，平均为92.4%，大口鲶和鲶之间的同源性最高，为98.5%，革胡子鲶和鲶之间的同源性最低，为89.4%。

Sequence analysis indicated that Arabidopsis AGL15 and GmAGL15 shared 61% of identity at amino acid level, especially 84.3% in the MADS domains, 63.2% in the K domains.

以同源序列法克隆了大豆MADS-box基因GmAGL15，序列分析表明，该基因编码的氨基酸与拟南芥AGL15蛋白的同源性为61%，其中在MADS区的同源性为84.3%，K区的同源性为63.2%。

Convergences of martingale sequences have wide applications in both theory and practice,and the study of covergences of various martingale sequences is an important subject in probabilistic research in recent years.

鞅型序列的收敛性在理论及实际问题中都有广泛的应用，研究各类鞅型序列的性敛性是近年来随机学领域的一个重要课题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。