序列性

The IL-2 gene is 468bp, encoding a putative 155 amino acid protein, the DNA sepuencehomology of this caprine IL-2 and the corresponding caprine(AF535145) cytokine is 100.0％, thegene homology to Qihua Yings is 99.1％, the first 20 amino terminal aa sequence compose ahydrophobic signal sequence.

经SignalP 3.0分析表明，前23个氨基酸为信号肽序列；IL-2基因开放阅读框架共有468bp，编码一条155个氨基酸的多肽，与GenBank发表的山羊白细胞介素-2基因序列(AF535145)比较核苷酸／氨基酸同源性为100.0％，与应琦华等的山羊IL-2序列的同源性为99.1％，前20个氨基酸为该蛋白的信号肽序列。

ITS2 and M8 DNA sequences with large variations were screened out of twelve DNA fragments (four nuclear, four chloroplastic and four mitochondrial) to identify tea varieties in Taiwan.

本研究由4个细胞核及8个细胞质（含4个叶绿体及4个粒线体）序列变异较大之片段筛选出具较大序列变异性之ITS2及M8片段，目前开发出ITS2序列与粒线体部分序列，其中品种间ITS2具有33个单一核苷酸多型性，而品种间之M8具有5个核苷酸缺失/插入及2个单一核苷酸多型性。

The results of the analysis to complete 18S rDNA and partial 28S rDNA D 6-7 domain sequences of 30 collembolan species supported the monophyly of Poduromorpha and Symphypleona, Entomobryoidea is not a monophyly, familia Neelidae should be separated from Symphypleona. The situation about the superfamilia of Tomoceroidea and the familia Neelidae need further studies. The results of the further analysis to complete 18S rDNA and nearlly completely 28S sequences of 4 Protura, 6Collembola, 5 Diplura, 5 Insecta, 10 Crustacean, using 1 Myriapoda and 1 Chelicerata as outgroups indicated that Protura, Collembola and Diplura are monophy, respectively, Protura and Diplura have the nearest realationship, they make sister groups with Collembola and all of them assemble with Insecta to make a monophy cluster of Hexapod; The results support the monophy of Pancrusracea, Crustacean is not a monophy cluster and the realationships between them with Hexapod need further reseachers.

对我国的14科27属30种跳虫的18S rDNA全序列和28S rDNA部分序列(D6-D7)的基因信息数据进行分析，结果支持原目、愈腹目的单系性，长角目不形成单系群，支持短角科从愈腹目中分出，但鳞总科和短角目的分类地位有待于深入分析探讨；进一步比对4种原尾虫、6种跳虫、5种双尾虫、5种昆虫和10种甲壳动物的18S rDNA全序列和28S rDNA全序列，以1种多足动物和1种螯肢动物为外群，进行系统关系分析，结果显示：原尾纲、弹尾纲、双尾纲分别为单系群，原尾纲和双尾纲优先聚为一支，然后和弹尾纲构成姐妹群，以上三类又和昆虫聚为一支，支持六足动物的单系性，支持泛甲壳动物，但甲壳动物并未形成单系，其各类群和六足动物之间的亲缘关系尚须进一步确定。3。

Comparabilityof some segments reached about 86% to 90% including Arabidopsis thaliana CIPK7、Arabidopsis thaliana At3g23000 gene、Arabidopsis thaliana SNF1 related protein kinase(At3g23000; MXC7.3) mRNA、Cucumis sativus RBL1 mRNA, complete cds、Ranunculusmacranthus ribosomal protein L14 (rp114) gene, partial cds、Daucus carota chromasomecomplete genome and so on. There are also some other segments had a low identity andconsidered as unknown genes.

对部分差异条带进行了克隆测序，登陆GENEBANK对差异cDNA片断的序列进行核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性对比，其中一些片断与拟南芥CIPK7、拟南芥At3g23000基因、拟南芥SNF1相关蛋白激酶mRNA、栽培黄瓜RBL1mRNA全序列、毛茛核糖体蛋白L14基因、胡萝卜染色体基因组等均有86％-90％左右的同源性，还有部分片断的同源性很低，可能为未知基因序列。

According to the results of Blastn and Blastp in GenBank, it shares 72%,70%,60%,54% nucleotide sequence identity and 79%,73%,65%,57% amino acid sequence identity with Hordeum vulgare lipid transfer protein gene LTP7a2b and LTPcw-19, Zea mays ltp and Brassica napus ltp separately.

将核苷酸序列和推断的氨基酸序列在GenBank中进行比较，发现Siltp与大麦脂转移蛋白LTP7a2b和LTPcw-19，玉米脂转移蛋白，欧洲油菜的脂转移蛋白基因的核苷酸序列的同源性分别为72%，70%，60%，54%；氨基酸序列的同源性分别为79%，73%，65%，57%。

Eight differential expression bands were cloned and sequenced.Blastn analysis showed that seven of them had highly homology(81%～100%)with EST sequences of Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare.Six of the seven sequences came from Triticum aestivum,and one sequence came from Hordeum vulgare.

对上述5种特异表达类型中8条特异表达片段进行序列测定和分析，在相应的数据库，经Blastn比对，有7个序列在数据库中找到同源序列，且与普通小麦和大麦中的EST序列有较高的同源性，同源性为81%～100%，其中有6个来自普通小麦，1个来自大麦。

Inspired by these results, in this paper, we first give the definition of a new mapping ? uniformly Lipschitz asymptotically nonexpansive mapping on a compact subset of a uniform convex Banach space, then construct three-step iterative sequences of uniformly Lipschitz asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in this subset . We proved the convergence of this three-step iterative sequences for uniformly Lipschitz asymptoticallynonexpansive mapping, Further more, we proved this three-step iterative sequences with an error member converge to fixed points.

从中得到启发，在本文我们首先定义了一致凸Banach空间某非空紧子集上的一种新的映射——一致李普希兹渐进非扩张映射，在该紧子集上构造关于一致李普希兹渐进非扩张映射的三步迭代序列以及具误差的三步迭代序列，先来讨论三步迭代序列的收敛性，进而讨论具误差的三步迭代序列的收敛性。

The average percent value of G C (49.3%) was less than that of A T (50.7%), there was a bias of the content of G, T in the third codon; The number of transition G-A and T-C were 22, 15 respectively, which were higher than that of transition A-G and C-T, the number of tranversion C-A, T-G is 2 respectively, and other tranversion patterns didnt occur; the probability of transition was higher than that of tranversion , Ts/Tv = 9.5-19, there was the highest number of transition in the third codon. The gamma parameter a of the lst,nd and 3rd codon positions were 0.00572,0.01237 and 1.05239 respectively, they showed that there was adifferent substitution rate at different codon position. Frequences of synonymous codon usage were relatively biased. The average rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution were 0.0787, 0.0011 respectively, there was a significant difference between dS and dN (Z = 4.713, p.01), and the low ratio( CD = 0.0284 .3) of dN/dS ratio impled that there were selective constraints against the nonsynonymous sites in cyt-b gene, The distribution of nonsynonymous codon substitution pattern related to Grantharm distance indicated that the purified selection at 2nd codon positions was more intensive than that at 1st codon positions. The phylogenetic trees supported the view of the double origin of Chinese goose, which means that domestic Chinese goose was derived from Anser cygnoides and domestic European goose, and Yili was derived from Anser anser.

碱基含量分析可知，序列的G C含量(49.3％)＜A T含量(50.7％)，密码子第三位点的G、T含量都有较强的偏倚性；序列间G→A和T→C的转换数(22次和15次)高于A→G和C→T的转换数(10次和9次)，C→A、T→G颠换数均为2次，其余颠换模式均未发生；转换数明显高于颠换数，Ts／Tv=9.5～19，密码子第三位点的转换数最高，呈现了相当强烈的转换偏倚性；密码子第一、二和三位点的gamma分布参数α值分别为0.00572、0.01237和1.05239，表明密码子第一位点的替换速率变异最大，第二位点次之，第三位点的替换速率变异相对较小；编码同一氨基酸的同义密码子并非随机使用，表现出一定程度的使用偏倚性；同义替换速率和非同义替换速率分别为0.0787和0.0011，dS与dN值间的差异极显著(Z=4.713，p＜0.01)，而ω=0.0284，明显小于0.3，表明雁属鹅细胞色素b基因序列经历了中度净化选择作用；单步非同义替换(Sing-step nonsymonymous codon substitution，SSNCS)分布模式与Grantharm距离之间的关系说明密码子的三个位点所受的净化选择强度不同；构建的最大简约树与邻接树拓扑结构一致，支持中国家鹅的双起源学说，即除伊犁鹅外的其它中国鹅品种起源于鸿雁，伊犁鹅和欧洲的郎德鹅、莱茵鹅起源于灰雁。

Sequence analysis revealed that nucleotides sequence of 28 kD protein gene varied among different isolates of wheat yellow mosaic virus.28 kD protein genes of the Luotian and Huangchuan isolates comprised 762 nucleotidesand were less 3 nt than others,located at the site of 326,327 and 336 nt,respectively.The different isolates shared homologies ranging from 92.1% to 96.9% in nucleotide sequence and 89.8% to 97.3% in amino acid sequence.

序列分析结果表明，小麦黄花叶病毒不同分离物的28kD蛋白基因的核苷酸序列存在一定的差异：湖北罗田和河南潢川分离物在第326，327和336位较四川雅安、江苏扬州及日本分离物缺少3个核苷酸，前两者核苷酸长度为762nt，后三者为765nt；不同分离物核苷酸序列同源性从92 1%到96 9%，相应的氨基酸序列同源性从89 8%到97 3%。

OPY13-661 sequence has identity with 16 EST sequences from European grapes, and shows 89% identity with 2 EST sequences from abiotic stressed leaves of Vitis vinifera var. Chardonnay.

OPY13-661序列与欧洲葡萄16条EST序列有同源性，其中与&赤霞珠&cDNA克隆的EST有较高的同源性，与&霞多丽&的2条叶片非生物胁迫有关的EST序列同源性均为89%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。