序列性

In Chapter 2, a detailed survey on digital image watermarking is presented. InChapter 3, an optimal scheme is proposed to use Human Visual System model tocompute masking function. It will be used to control the strength of watermark signalfor optimal embedding. In Chapter 4, we propose a novel watermarking scheme based on lattice vectorquantization. Some important transform coefficients of the original image are firstlymapped into the nearest neighboring lattice points by using lattice vector quantizer,then watermark signal is added to the lattice points.

本文讨论了数字图像水印及其在多媒体安全中的应用，主要围绕下列问题进行研究和创新：1、优化的水印嵌入模型：本文对基于直接序列扩频技术的水印算法进行了改进，根据人类视觉系统感知模型，提出了优化的水印嵌入模型，在不可感知性条件的限制下，使水印的鲁棒性达到最高。2、基于格矢量量化的图像水印：本文提出了基于格矢量量化的多比特盲水印算法，不需要原始图象就可以实现水印信号的检测和译码。

The both amino acid sequences contain 7 WD domains and their high identities are up to 99%.

两者的氨基酸序列均具有7个WD结构域，且具有高度的同源性，同源性高达99%。

Sequencing and homology analysis revealed that the gene fragment was 395 bp in length and shared up to 89% similarity with NB gene from winter squash. The deduced amino acid sequence for the fragment was composed of 131 amino acid residues.

经过测序和同源性分析表明：该基因片段长度为395bp，与GenBank上所登录的笋瓜NR基因同源性达89%，根据所测序列推导该片段由131个氨基酸残基组成。

The predicated gene products of amrA, amrB showed high similarities with the typical response regulator, such as afsQ1, mtrB and ompR, about 40%-62%.

对它们的氨基酸序列分析表明：amkA和amkB与典型的组氨酸激酶，包括afsQ2，mtrB以及phoR，有较好的同源性，大约为30％-44％；amrA和amrB与典型的反应调节物，包括afsQ1，mtrA和ompR等，同源性很高，大约为40％-62％。

In chapter 2, we introduce a generalized harvesting model, which is belong to piecewise continuous argument delay equations, we present sufficient condition to ensure the global attractivity of unique positive equilibrium and explore the possibility of emerging complex behavior-chaos.

研究了其正平衡解的全局吸引性，和可能出现的复杂动力学行为－－混沌；利用概周期序列的概念研究了分段连续时滞的微分方程的概周期解的存在性。

Pneumoniae FH strain was cloned and the sequence was analysed by M13 DNA sequencing method. Comparing the PCR product sequcence with MP M-129 strain P1 gene, we found that there are 4 bases different. This may result from the different MP DNA templates. The maximum homology is 98.8%. The result confirmed the fidelity and specificity of the amplified target DNA segment by PCP, and suggested that two categories of MP P1 gene still exist a few differences even in the conservation region. The cloning MP DNA segment was labelled by random hexanucleotide priming, after hybridization, the probe detection was completed using an anti-digoxigenin antibody alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and the substrates 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate and nitro blue tetrazolium. This hybridization system is much superior to the radioactive probe hybridization, because it is safe, easy to handle and has no limitation of decay time. The time required for colormetic detection is also much less than the corresponding autoradiographic exposure time needed to achieve similar detection limits with 32P-labelled probes. The Dig-probes could be used repeatedly, and this made them not only much convenient to use, but also lower the cost, and worthwhile to be used popularly.

将PCR产物进行重组，并将阳性重组质粒，应用M13测序系统对产物进行DNA序列分析，并与MPM-129株P1基因核苷酸进行同源性比较，发现有4个位置的碱基发生了变化，其同源性为98.8％，证实了PCR所扩增DNA片段的准确性和特异性，同时也证实了不同MP组型的P1基因即使在保守区也存在着一定的差异，将克隆的目的DNA片段用异羟基洋地黄毒苷配基用随机引物法标记制备MP DNA探针，杂交后用碱性磷酸酶标记的抗Dig多克隆抗体与杂交体反应，再用BCIP和NBT呈色，制备MP DNA探针，鉴定所扩增片段的特异性，与同位素探针比较，Dig探针不受半衰期限制，可反复使用，而且价格低廉，值得推广使用。

Rates of nucleotide substitution vary greatly among plant mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ［J］.1987, 84 (5):9054.［3］ Ainouche M L, Bayer R. On the origins of the tetraploid Bromus species: insights from internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA［J］.

而山西平遥产山药D= 0.004 76与山西太谷产山药D= 0.004 27基本没有差异，它们和河北安国产山药D= 0.004 36共同与怀山药有较大的同源性，通过ITS序列分析，这几种不同产地的山药之间碱基仅相差几个，提示它们具有同源性；野生山药与种植山药碱基数目相差较大，说明种植山药在驯化过程中产生了变移，使物种更进化。

The comparison of these fragment sequences with those of other animalsthrough blastn of GeneBank,the results indicated that the homologies of nucleotidesequence of the GH gene of yak with Bos taurus are 98%,and with Bubalus bubalis,Capra hircus,Ovis aries are 97%,94%,93%,respectively.

其中牦牛GH基因全序列与普通牛同源性为98％，与水牛、山羊、绵羊同源性分别为97％、94％、93％。

Four field strains of Infections bursal disease viruses isolated in China during 1997～1999 were compared for their pathogenity and sequences in high variable region of vp2 genes.

对4个IBDV野毒株的致病性和它们的vp2基因高变区序列同时做了比较分析。结果表明， 4个IBDV毒株在致病性程度上存在较大差异。

Proteins associated with the membrane and the cytosolic portions of the proteome under different copper ion concentrations were differentially labeled with an acid cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag reagent, and the labeled peptides were separated by two-dimensional chromatography and characterized by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

我们分别将在不同铜离子浓度下的细胞质以及细胞内膜中所有蛋白质标识上酸裂性同位素亲和性标识(acid cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag， cICAT)试剂，用二次元管柱层析将所有标识并酵素水解过的片段分离，并且用电洒式串连质谱(electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry， ESI-MS/MS)以及基因体定序资料库决定蛋白质序列。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。