序位

Four groups of oligonucleotides were successively cloned in pMD18-T vector to obtain four large fragments. Ligation of these four fragments resulted in a cloned DNA MgE717 coding for the 29～268 amino acid region of gE. Sequencing result showed that there is a mutation at 255 amino acid, Asn instead of Asp.

分四段分别合成，基因拼接得到了改造后的基因片段MgE717，经测序，除了在gE基因+763位核苷酸处存在一碱基置换，导致第255位的氨基酸残基由Asp突变为Asn，其余的序列与PrV鄂A株gE基因的氨基酸序列相符。

Prediction for secondary structure and function suggested that the 23rd amino acid residue-cysteine and nearby sequence is in a consensus pattern of Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase active site, in which the Cys is the catalytic residue, and there are some potential sites which may have biological signification in E20-GPD.

二级结构和功能预测分析表明，E20-GPD第23位的半胱氨酸及其附近序列为3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶活性位点一致序列，C为活性位点，第50位的组氨酸也是十分保守的，且E20-GPD具有多个可能的有生物学意义的位点。

Six SNPs, which were C→T at the sites of 26, 54 and 99, A→G at the sites of 47and 68, and G→A at the site of 63 in the intron 8 of PRLR gene, were detected by cloning, sequencing and homologous comparison of the homozygote AA, BB and CC.

对AA、BB、CC三种纯合子进行克隆测序和同源序列比较，发现在扩增片段内有6处SNP，都发生在PRLR基因的第8内含子，分别是内含子8第26位、54位和99位的C→T突变，47位和68位的A→G突变，63位的G→A突变。

His major works and commissions include: ' Three Temperaments , for Big Choir ' (1986), ' Counterpoint of Times , for woodwind septet ' (1989), ' Wild Children , for mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (1993), ' Overture , for solo Chinese bass drum and Chinese winds and percussion band ' (1994), ' Intonation , for chamber orchestra ' (1990-1994), ' Flavour of Bashu , for two violins, piano and percussion ' (1995), ' Pole , for solo Chinese Yun-luo, Chinese pai-gu and Chinese bass drum with six percussionists ' (1996),commissioned by Japan Asian Percussion Ensemble, ' Symphonic Prelude --- Bashu Capriccio' (1996), 'The Song Without Words , for solo percussion ' (1997), commissioned by the Ministry of Culture of Japan, Japanese Contemporary Music Association, and Japanese Embassy in China,'Illusions of the Symphonic Stage of Tang Dynast y , for orchestra of Tang Dynasty, percussion, voices and a big choir '(1999), commissioned by Japanese No Music Guanshiliu Green Spring Association, Chinese Music Research Center in Japan, Japanese Asian Percussion Ensemble and Japanese-Chinese Cultural Exchange Association,'The Prospect of Colored Desert , for violin, cello, sheng, pipa and percussion '(2000),commissioned by Yo-Yo Ma, Silk Road Project Inc. of the U.S., Sony Record,'Three Movements of Autumn , for small Chinese instruments ensembl e'(2000) and ' Sound Games , for 5 Chinese Percussion Instruments Players ' (2000-01), commissioned by La Cité de la Musique, Paris "2000 Chinese Classical Music Series", ' Fusion I , for Mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (2002), commissioned by Holland New Ensemble and Atlas Ensemble, ' Fusion II , Concerto for Solo Chinese Percussion and Orch.' (2002), commissioned by Japanese–Chinese Committee of Friendship and Public Music Performance, and ' Fusion III , for Irish flute, accordion, bodhran, Chinese sheng, zheng, Percussion and 13 Strings with Chamber Choir.' (2003-04), commissioned by China-Ireland Exchange Program, ' The Three Images from Washing Painting , for chamber ensemble of 17 players '(2005) commissioned by the New Juilliard Ensemble for the special concert of the Juilliard Centennial and sponsored by Asian Cultural Council and the Guggenheim Partnership and 'The Butterfly Dream', new 7 scenes Opera inspired by KUN QU' (2007) commissioned by the Contemporary Legend Theatre, Taiwan etc.

主要作品及委约包括：《三种气质，无伴奏合唱》(1986)、《时间的对位，木管七重奏》（1989）、《野娃子，混合室内乐队与童声》(1993)、《对话，男声独唱，女高音，童声合唱团，混声合唱团与混合乐队》(1993-94)、《序鼓，独奏中国大鼓、排鼓、云锣与中国民间吹打乐队》（1994）、《吟，室内交响乐》（1990-1994）、《蜀韵，两支小提琴、钢琴与打击乐》（1995）、《极，独奏中国云锣、大鼓、排鼓与六位打击乐演奏家》（1996）、《巴蜀随想，交响序曲》（1996）、《无词歌，打击乐独奏》（1997）（日本国文化厅、日本现代音乐协会、日本国驻中国领事馆等联合委约）、《梦的交响舞台，唐代乐队，打击乐，人声与合唱团》（1999）（日本能乐观世流绿泉会、日本中国音乐勉强会、日本亚洲打击乐团、日中文化交流协会等联合委约）、《舞蹈组曲，大型管弦乐队》(1999)、《漠墨图，小提琴、大提琴、笙、琵琶与打击乐》（2000）（马友友、美国丝绸之路文化发展公司、日本Sony唱片等联合委约）、《秋三阕，9位中国乐器演奏家》（2000）、《响趣，5位中国打击乐器演奏家》（2000）（法国巴黎音乐城"2000中国古典音乐系列音乐会"委约）、《融I ，混合室内乐团》（2002）（荷兰 New Ensemble， Atlas Ensemble联合委约）、《融II ，打击乐协奏曲》（2002）（日本日中友好音乐公演委员会委约）、《融III ，爱尔兰笛子、手风琴、巴朗鼓，中国笙、筝，打击乐，13件弦乐器以及室内合唱团》（2003-04）（爱尔兰国家文化委员会、爱中2004文化交流年组委会委约）、《水墨画意三则，为17位演奏家的室内乐团》（2005）（美国朱丽亚音乐学院新室内乐团委约，美国亚洲文化基金会和美国古根海姆基金支助）及《梦蝶，七场新昆剧》（2007）等。

Personality traits were evaluated by Eysency Personality Questionnaire that was compiled by Eysency and revised by Gong. Standard scores of Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism were calculated, and taking 50 points as a boundary. Each dimension was assigned into 2 grades non-psychotic type (P0) psychotic type (P≥50), introversion type (E0), extraversion type (E0), non-nervous type (N0) and nervous type (N≥50). 5 mL ulnar vein blood was obtained without adding decoagulant, and then serum was removed. Genome DNA was extracted from blood clot by conventional chloroform for PCR analysis. PCR product was sequenced by pyrophosphoric acid. SNP was determined by PSQ96 MA sequenator. Allele frequency was analyzed by mass spectrometry.

人格评定采用Eysency编制，龚耀先修订的艾森克人格问卷、计算精神质，内外问，神经质3个个性维度的标准分，并以50分为界，将各维度分为两个等级：非精神病倾向型（精神质0）、精神病倾向型（精神质≥50）；内倾型（内外向0），外倾型（内外向≥多50）；非常经质倾向型（神经质0），神经质倾向型（神经质≥50）取肘静脉血5 mL，不加抗凝剂，弃血清，血凝块常规酚氯仿提取基因组DNA，进行PCR分析PCR产物应用焦磷酸测序PSQ96 MA测序仪进行SNP检测，用质谱法进行及等位方基因频率分析。

A set of spectific primers was syn thesized according to HBV DNA sequence of Chinese strain, the whole X region was amplified by PCR method from the serum of 9 patients with chronic HBV infection , and then the PCR products were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Clones were randomly selected to be sequenced. Comparison of the cloned sequence was made to find the difference. After being compared, each sequence of selected clones is o f difference. The point mutation scattered through X region. Deletion mutations were detected in 19 clones of 37(51.4%), which caused different carboxyl endings of X protein. There is a hot region (after 123 aa code) where deletion mutation frequently happens.

以中国株HBV基因序列为依据，设计特异性多聚酶链反应引物，自9例慢性HBV感染患者血清中扩增HBV X基因，克隆入pGEM Teasy质粒，随机挑选克隆进行D NA测序以确定病毒的变异程度。37例测序结果提示来源于不同患者HBV X基因序列高度保守，但每个序列均不一致。X区除了存在广泛的碱基点替换突变外，序列的缺失突变占测序克隆总数的51.4％（19／37）；氨基酸缺失及移框突变多发生于123位氨基酸残基之后，可导致X蛋白多种羧基端形式。

Na-K-Exchanging ATPase is a universal cell membrane protein in higher eukaryotic cells which mediates the anti-concentration gradient exchange of intracellular Na+ for extracellular K+. It plays essential metabolic roles such as maintaining sodium and potassium ion gradients across the plasma membrane. The targeted sequences were amplified by PCR to determine the genome structure of the hithertofore unsequenced portion of the alpha 1 subunit of the human Na-KExchanging ATPase gene which encodes 80-130 aa of its extracellular domain using two different templates, human genomic DNA and a human muscle cDNA library. The PCR products were analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion and then cloned into a plasmid vector for chemiluminescence sequencing and further analysis.

Na-K-Exchanging ATPase是一种普遍存在于高等生物体内的细胞膜蛋白，主要参与介导K+和Na+在细胞内外之间的逆浓度梯度的转运，并维持一定细胞内外的离子梯度，我们采用聚合酶链式反应方法分别以人基因组DNA及cDNA文库为模板对人Na-K-Exchanging ATPaseα1亚单位基因胞外区约80-130位氨基酸编码序列进行扩增，限制性酶切分析扩增产物，并进行荧光测序，对测序结果进行同源性分析及剪接位点的搜索并对得到的核苷酸序列进行进一步的分析，发现人基因组DNA和cDNA经过扩增后分别得到833bp和195bp两种不同大小的片段Fg，Fc。

The central struggle was between the publicly funded international Human Genome Project, led by Francis Collins, a distinguished scientist and devout Christian, which pursued a slow-and-steady approach to sequencing until Celera, a private company led by Craig Venter, appeared on the scene and boldly claimed that its revolutionary new technique, whole-genome shot-gun sequencing, could do the job in less than half the time.

主要竞争存在于公众基金的国际人类基因组项目及Celera公司之间。前者由弗朗西斯。克林斯领导，克林斯本人是位杰出的科学家和虔诚的基督徒。它一开始是寻求一种慢而稳定的方法来测序，但是这种情况在Celera公司出现之后就改变了。Celera公司在Craig Venter的领导下，大胆地主张它的革命性的新技术&whole-genome shot-gun&测序法，该法可以节省一多半的时间。

The author not only points out the person who examined and approved with the Chinese translation of "Preface for the integral translation of Science and Civilisation in China" and made so many big mistakes in the finalized manuscript for printing because of his empty of qualified English proficiency, of right study-style, and of moral behavior, moreover points out the three big wrong actions in carrying the translation program as a whole - to make SCC Translation and Publication Committee, Academia Sinica, exist in name only; to carry on the fast-food culture policy; and, to act against the right principle, that is, the abilities of the revisers is not higher than the translators and abilities of the finalizers is not higher than revisers.

在进入正文之前，想对此计划缘起略加介绍。我发现已刊SCC全译本已出几册的译文质量令人堪忧，错讹太多，远没有达到卢嘉锡博士在&中译本序&中也指明翻译出版全译本的目标。为供后续各卷册汉译借鉴，一位朋友建议我去纠正全译本已出各册的错讹。我接受了这个建议，计划按卷册顺序进行。本文选择SCC全译本&作者序&而不是第一卷正文作为我的个案研究的首案，另一原因是&作者序&在第一卷卷首。必须指出，经第二审定人终审定稿的第一卷其他部分和第二卷同样存在错讹。我将陆续从SCC全译本前两卷及其他已刊各卷册选取典型个案，评析谬译原因，这项工作不仅可供该译本尚未出版的各卷册的译校审者参考，而且，我发现，还能为笔者个人早就想做的翻译心理学研究提供绝好的素材。

His major works and commissions include: ' Three Temperaments , for Big Choir ' (1986), ' Counterpoint of Times , for woodwind septet ' (1989), ' Wild Children , for mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (1993), ' Overture , for solo Chinese bass drum and Chinese winds and percussion band ' (1994), ' Intonation , for chamber orchestra ' (1990-1994), ' Flavour of Bashu , for two violins, piano and percussion ' (1995), ' Pole , for solo Chinese Yun-luo, Chinese pai-gu and Chinese bass drum with six percussionists ' (1996),commissioned by Japan Asian Percussion Ensemble, ' Symphonic Prelude --- Bashu Capriccio' (1996), 'The Song Without Words , for solo percussion ' (1997), commissioned by the Ministry of Culture of Japan, Japanese Contemporary Music Association, and Japanese Embassy in China,'Illusions of the Symphonic Stage of Tang Dynast y , for orchestra of Tang Dynasty, percussion, voices and a big choir '(1999), commissioned by Japanese No Music Guanshiliu Green Spring Association, Chinese Music Research Center in Japan, Japanese Asian Percussion Ensemble and Japanese-Chinese Cultural Exchange Association,'The Prospect of Colored Desert , for violin, cello, sheng, pipa and percussion '(2000),commissioned by Yo-Yo Ma, Silk Road Project Inc. of the U.S., Sony Record,'Three Movements of Autumn , for small Chinese instruments ensembl e'(2000) and ' Sound Games , for 5 Chinese Percussion Instruments Players ' (2000-01), commissioned by La Cité de la Musique, Paris "2000 Chinese Classical Music Series", ' Fusion I , for Mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (2002), commissioned by Holland New Ensemble and Atlas Ensemble, ' Fusion II , Concerto for Solo Chinese Percussion and Orch.' (2002), commissioned by Japanese–Chinese Committee of Friendship and Public Music Performance, and ' Fusion III , for Irish flute, accordion, bodhran, Chinese sheng, zheng, Percussion and 13 Strings with Chamber Choir.' (2003-04), commissioned by China-Ireland Exchange Program, ' The Three Images from Washing Painting , for chamber ensemble of 17 players '(2005) commissioned by the New Juilliard Ensemble for the special concert of the Juilliard Centennial and sponsored by Asian Cultural Council and the Guggenheim Partnership and 'The Butterfly Dream', new 7 scenes Opera inspired by KUN QU' (2007) commissioned by the Contemporary Legend Theatre, Taiwan etc.

主要作品及委约包括：《三种气质，无伴奏合唱》(1986)、《时间的对位，木管七重奏》（1989）、《野娃子，混合室内乐队与童声》(1993)、《对话，男声独唱，女高音，童声合唱团，混声合唱团与混合乐队》(1993-94)、《序鼓，独奏中国大鼓、排鼓、云锣与中国民间吹打乐队》（1994）、《吟，室内交响乐》（1990-1994）、《蜀韵，两支小提琴、钢琴与打击乐》（1995）、《极，独奏中国云锣、大鼓、排鼓与六位打击乐演奏家》（1996）、《巴蜀随想，交响序曲》（1996）、《无词歌，打击乐独奏》（1997）（日本国文化厅、日本现代音乐协会、日本国驻中国领事馆等联合委约）、《梦的交响舞台，唐代乐队，打击乐，人声与合唱团》（1999）（日本能乐观世流绿泉会、日本中国音乐勉强会、日本亚洲打击乐团、日中文化交流协会等联合委约）、《舞蹈组曲，大型管弦乐队》(1999)、《漠墨图，小提琴、大提琴、笙、琵琶与打击乐》（2000）（马友友、美国丝绸之路文化发展公司、日本Sony唱片等联合委约）、《秋三阕，9位中国乐器演奏家》（2000）、《响趣，5位中国打击乐器演奏家》（2000）（法国巴黎音乐城&2000中国古典音乐系列音乐会&委约）、《融I ，混合室内乐团》（2002）（荷兰 New Ensemble， Atlas Ensemble联合委约）、《融II ，打击乐协奏曲》（2002）（日本日中友好音乐公演委员会委约）、《融III ，爱尔兰笛子、手风琴、巴朗鼓，中国笙、筝，打击乐，13件弦乐器以及室内合唱团》（2003-04）（爱尔兰国家文化委员会、爱中2004文化交流年组委会委约）、《水墨画意三则，为17位演奏家的室内乐团》（2005）（美国朱丽亚音乐学院新室内乐团委约，美国亚洲文化基金会和美国古根海姆基金支助）及《梦蝶，七场新昆剧》（2007）等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。