幼虫的

The activities of carboxylesterase、glutathion-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase per insect increase greatly and the properities of esterase and acetylcholinesterase change also throughout larval development from 1-day-old to 4th instar. The affinity for Asch and the sensitivity to insecticide of acetylcholinesterase in 3rd instar larvae are significantly lower than that in 4-day-old larvae.

幼虫从1日龄生长到4龄时，单头幼虫的羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶活力急剧增长，4龄幼虫相对于1日龄幼虫，HJ-R、HD-S上述3种酶系的活力分别增长了148、172.6、65.6倍和203、60.9、77.4倍；生长过程中，全酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶的性质也发生变异，特别是从4日龄生长到3龄时，乙酰胆碱酯酶的米氏常数、双分子速率常数均发生明显的改变，3龄幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶对底物的亲和力以及对杀虫剂的敏感性显著低于4日龄幼虫。

The ecdysis index of controlled larvae was 3.323 by 30d, while 2.933-3.038 for the treated. The transgenic Betula platyphylla could reduce the feeding of larvae. With the increase of the time of feeding, the difference of food taken between the controlled and treated became larger. The food of controlled larvae taken was 0.105293-0.13750 grams than that of the treated by 3 d. and 0.529094-0.64103 grams by 21d.

转基因植株能够降低幼虫的食叶量，3天时对照幼虫的食叶量比处理幼虫的食叶量多0.105293～0.137504克；21天时对照幼虫食叶量比处理幼虫食叶量多0.529094～0.64103克，随取食时间的延长，对照幼虫的食叶量与处理幼虫的食叶量差别更大，转基因植株的抑制作用更明显。

In addition, the maximum velocity in larvae was significant higher than those in pupae and adults. In vitro inhibition studies of larvae AChE indicated that the I50 values of 20-d larvae were higher than those of 10-d larvae when treated with eserine, malaoxon and carbaryl, respectively, suggesting that AChE in 20-d larvae was less sensitive to the inhibitors.

通过对幼虫AChE离体抑制作用测定表明，毒扁豆碱、马拉氧磷和西维因对20d龄幼虫的抑制中浓度I50均高于10d龄幼虫，说明20d龄幼虫体内的AChE对3种抑制剂的抑制作用更不敏感。

The first part discusses about the effects of the five factors:temperature,relative air moisture,rate of frass sifting,density of larvae,fodder water percentage to growth speed and survival rate of older mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) larvae through rotational composite design of quadratic regression. Two models were established to describe the effects of the five factors. The models showed that percentage of fodder water is the major factor that has effect on the growing speed of T. molitor larvae,and fodder water is the major factor on death rate. The models also show that temperature on growth speed,temperature and fodder have important effects on death rate,and the significant test showed they have significant difference on 1% or 5% level. From the two models,by frequency analysis,we can get the optimizing rearing condition,in which the mealworm larvae overweight 10% per day,temperature is 25-26 ,frass sifting rate is once 2-4 days,density of larvae is 0.61-0.79 g/cm2,fodder water is 33.27%-39.71%. And the rearing condition,in which total death rate of T.

第一部分：采用五因素二次正交旋转组合设计，以黄粉虫幼虫饲养过程中饲养温度(X_1)相对湿度(X_2)、虫粪筛除频率(X_3)、饲养密度(X_4)以及饲料含水量(X_5)五因素为参试因素，考查它们对黄粉虫高龄幼虫的生长及存活的影响，建立了以黄粉虫幼虫增重率及死亡率为目标函数的回归模型，并进行了简化： Y_增=127.5079+18.6559x_5+2.7894x_3x_4-2.3854x_3x_5-3.0594x_1~2+1.8241x_3~2-3.8559x_5~2 Y_死=1.7459+0.4108x_1+0.0975x_2+0.9025x_4+0.3442x_5+0.0834x_1~2+0.3060x_4~2-0.2623x_5~2 分析结果表明：影响黄粉虫幼虫生长后期增重及死亡的主要因素分别为饲料含水量和饲养密度；饲料含水量和温度对黄粉虫增重有着重要的影响，饲养密度、温度、饲料含水量对黄粉虫的死亡有着重要的影响，其影响均达1％或5％显著水平；黄粉虫幼虫后期日增重率大于10％的饲养条件为：温度26～27℃、筛粪频率2～4天／次、饲养密度0.61～0.79g／cm~2、饲料含水量33.27～39.71％。

The larvae in the control group metamorphosed at day 20, and the metamorphosis rate increased gradually. The larvae in group 1 metamorphosed at day 30, but those in group 2 did not metamorphose throughout the experiment, which showed that the larvae did not have enough nutrition for metamorphosis.

对照组幼虫在第20天时开始变态，随后变态率逐渐升高，试验一组幼虫在第30天时开始变态，而试验二组幼虫在试验期间一直没有变态，表明该组幼虫的营养状况不足以支持其变态附着。

In this paper, an important pest of cruciferous vegetables xylostella and its two dominant species in the parasitic wasp - Cotesia plutellae bee, Diadegma semi-closed two parasitic system studied two parasitic wasps of Nutritional regulation of the host Plutella xylostella, from parasitic to parasitic found after the fifth day, five days, all groups the body weight of diamondback moth larvae are showing an increasing trend, not parasitic larvae of the diamondback moth has been higher than was body weight parasitic larvae of Plutella xylostella, and was Ichneumonidae parasitic larvae of the diamondback moth important than being clear Braconidae parasitic weight of the diamondback moth larvae.

本文以重要的十字花科蔬菜害虫小菜蛾及其两种优势种内寄生蜂——菜蛾盘绒茧蜂、半闭弯尾姬蜂两个寄生体系为研究对象，研究了两种寄生蜂对寄主小菜蛾营养的调控，发现从寄生至寄生后的第五天，五天时间内，所有组小菜蛾幼虫的体重均是呈现增加的趋势，未被寄生的小菜蛾幼虫体重一直保持大于被寄生小菜蛾幼虫，而且被姬蜂寄生的小菜蛾幼虫体重要明显的大于被茧蜂寄生的小菜蛾幼虫体重。

Repass and other 5 kinds the configuration of frontal flea larva is compared, discovery belongs to frontal flea subgenus number of 5 kinds of larval big gnathic tine are 5 tine commonly, one age larval broken egg implement the larval big jaw that the front belongs to subspecies of otter of ash of flea of forehead of subgenus of bird forehead flea for shoe form; ages number amounts to 9, one age larval broken egg implement the front is bat form.

再通过与其它 5种额蚤幼虫的形态比较，发现属于额蚤亚属 5种幼虫的大颚齿数一般为 5个齿，一龄幼虫的破卵器正面为鞋形；而属于鸟额蚤亚属前额蚤灰獭亚种的幼虫的大颚齿数达 9个，一龄幼虫的破卵器正面为球拍形。

In the artificial rearing larval honeybee method, 1-day-old larvae were reared in laboratory and 0.1 - 100 ppm pyriproxyfen was added in larval food. A dose respondent effect was found in the larval development of the treated larvae. Results showed that 0.1 ppm pyriproxyfen reduced the eclosion rate of the reared larvae conspicuously, and 1 ppm pyriproxyfen reduced that 84.6% of eclosion honeybee appeared the condition of deformed wings. The 10 ppm pyriproxyfen treatment caused 53.8% melanic death in the pupal stage, and no honeybees succeed in eclosion.

在室内饲养幼虫方面，分别添加0.1-100 ppm百利普芬於幼虫食物中，结果显示0.1 ppm百利普芬即会显著降低饲养幼虫的羽化率，而且添加1 ppm百利普芬会有84.6%羽化蜜蜂出现残翅现象；添加10 ppm百利普芬则会造成53.8%蜜蜂在蛹期黑化而死亡，而且无蜜蜂羽化成功；100 ppm百利普芬则有50%蜜蜂在幼虫期死亡，50%蜜蜂在蛹期死亡，亦无蜜蜂成功羽化。

A cDNA segment was isolated from M. meretrix larvae. The results of caspase in situ detection in larval developmental stages revealed that there were activated caspase from L1 to L3, indicating caspase is involved in the whole developmental process. The main apoptosis area was found in velum at L3 before metamorphosis, indicating the degradation of velum might be the process of apoptosis. The larvae before metamorphosis were treated by caspase specific inhibitor to analyze the role of caspase in this process. The results indicated that caspase have function metamorphosis.

根据caspase在不同物种中的保守区域设计简并引物，在文蛤幼虫中扩增到cDNA序列片段；检测有活性的caspase在文蛤幼虫各发育时期的分布部位，发现其在L1至L3期幼虫中都有分布，说明整个幼虫形态变化过程中都有caspase的参与；细胞凋亡检测结果显示，幼虫主要发生细胞凋亡的部位在L3期幼虫的面盘，即变态过程中要退化的器官，说明细胞凋亡可能是文蛤幼虫变态过程中面盘退化的主要机制；用caspase特异性抑制剂处理变态前幼虫，发现幼虫变态率下降，初步验证了caspase在文蛤幼虫变态过程中的作用。

In SGK321 with expression of CpTI and Bt insecticidal protein genes, both petal and leaf showed significantly higher insect resistant activity than bud and boll heart.

结果表明：7月中旬两种转基因抗虫棉抗虫效果均较好，尤其是CpTI-Bt棉棉叶和花瓣对4龄幼虫3天内致死率为92%以上；8月中旬两种转基因棉的抗虫活性均明显降低，且Bt棉的杀虫活性显著低于CpTI-Bt棉，其幼虫死亡率与对照受体棉中16的死亡率之间无显著差异，仅显著抑制了幼虫的生长；石远321(SGK321受体品系)的花瓣具有一定的抗虫活性，可显著降低取食幼虫的体重，甚至造成部分幼虫死亡；CpTI-Bt棉中，花瓣和棉叶的抗虫性明显高于蕾和铃心。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。