幼虫

Both the larval head capsules width and the length of the body can be the standard of instars separation.

认为苹果蠹蛾幼虫头壳宽度和幼虫体长都可作为分龄标准。

The spatial distribution patterns of the larva of Spodoptera litura on the different crops were studied. The results showed that the larvae in early instars were highly aggregate.

斜纹夜蛾幼虫在不同作物上的空间分布特征研究表明：幼虫在低龄阶段高度聚集，聚集的原因是成虫产卵的行为造成。

The highest mortality occurred at the boring stage of young instars larvae, especially in early stage of 1st and 2nd instar larva.

经存活曲线分析得知舞毒蛾种群的个体死亡主要发生在幼龄幼虫期，特别是对1，2龄幼虫的致死能力更为明显。

Aggregate intensity of larvae in late instars decreased and larvae dispersed gradually. The cause of dispersion was because of the effect factor of density.

在白菜上，幼虫在 4龄前为聚集分布，5龄以后为均匀分布，棉花和向日葵上各龄幼虫均为聚集分布。

In the model of two dimensions, an equation of dosage-mortality linear regression ofBxs or Mf2 for the 3 instars larva has been established and LC50 has been estimated.

二维模型：建立了Bxs、Mf2菌株对3龄幼虫的剂量-死亡率直线回归方程并估算出LC50，以及Bxs、Mf2菌株分别在1×108、1×107、0.5×107、1×106、0.5×106、1×105和1×104孢子/ml浓度下对3龄幼虫的时间-死亡率直线回归方程和LT50。

It infested one to two generations in one year in Changsha, and overwintered through adults. They spend 48.2 days in finishing a complete generation under the temperature of 25±1℃, and the development time of eggs, larvae, pupas and adults were 7, 10, 10 and 30 days respectively.

通过室内饲养和野外观察，研究了该虫的生物学特性：在长沙地区1年发生1~2代，以成虫越冬，幼虫在25±1℃温度条件下，完成一个世代的历期为48.2d，卵期7d，幼虫期30d，蛹期10d，成虫期30d左右。

This pest has one generation per year. The larva overwintered in the soil, and pupated at the last ten days of March to the first ten days of April in the soil layer of 3-10cm under the ground. The pupal period ranged from 12 to 17 days.

此虫一年一代，以幼虫在土中越冬；翌年3月下旬至4月上旬在3—10厘米土层内化蛹，蛹期12—17天；4月中、下旬成虫出土上树取食桑芽和叶片，交尾后2—7天产卵在枝顶及春季剪梢口下段等处，每头雌成虫产卵44—205粒，卵期15—19天；初孵幼虫入土取食植物。

The result showed that the pest developed 7-8 generations per year and overwintered in leaf roll with larvae form in Fuzhou;the egg dura tion last 7.5 days,larva 15.4 days,pupa 7.5 days,preoviposition 1.7 days, the whole generation lasted 31.9 days when raised under 24.2 ℃ of indoor temerature during spring;and the whole generation was 24.8 days when raised under 28 .6℃ of indoor temperature during autumn.

室内自然变温下饲养：春季日均温在24.2℃时，卵期7.5 d、幼虫期15.4 d、蛹期7.3 d、产卵前期1.7 d，全世代历期共31.9 d；秋季日均温在28.6℃时，全世代历期为24.8 d。在福州地区龙眼园年发生7-8代，以幼虫在叶包中越冬。

Mean period of oviposition each adult is 32.2±9.04 days at 29℃ and mean number of eggs oviposited per female is l62±11.32 eggs at 30℃ high moisture.

在24—30℃条件下，卵历期为4—7天，孵化率为60%以上；在9—10℃时为12天，卵的死亡率80%以上。幼虫历期随龄数增多而延长。在20℃条件下，幼虫能形成蛹。

Based on the investigation of Propylea japonica reared in laboratory by using Aphis robiniae Macchiati , the hatching, ecdysising behaviors of the larva, the eclosion, hunting, mating and ovipositing behaviors of the adult, the cannibalism behaviors of the larva and the adult were observed and described.

中文摘要：通过以洋槐蚜 Aphis robiniae Macchiati 为食物对龟纹瓢虫 Propylea japonica进行室内饲养和观察，记述了龟纹瓢虫幼虫的孵化、蜕皮行为，成虫的羽化、捕食、交配、产卵行为，并对幼虫成虫的自残行为进行了初步观察。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。