并流

This study presents the investigating of microchannels flow. It is divided into two parts, the flow characteristics of micro venturi and the performance of straight-walled and curved-walled micro nozzle/diffuser respectively. The experimental results are also compared with the simulation results whereby we can observe the flow field in micro venturi and discuss the bounder effect of micro nozzle/diffuser.

本文主要是针对微喷嘴的空气流场进行研究与探讨，研究分为两部分进行，分别是探讨微文氏管的流力特性及曲面微喷嘴边界对流力效能的影响，并将实验结果与CFD软体的分析结果相互比较，藉以观察微文氏管内之流场分布并探讨微喷嘴较佳之流力性能。

The numerical results show that, after the hot intrusion reaches the cold wall, some accumulates in the cold top corner, since the cold boundary layer flow cannot entrain all of the hot intrusion.

结果表明：当热入侵流抵达腔体冷壁后，由于冷壁无法卷入所有的热入侵流，热入侵流在冷上角堆积并产生一个反向流动，在冷壁边界层附近形成一个顺时针涡，该涡在浮力效应驱动下可返回热壁，并在腔体的冷热壁之间形成了腔体尺度的流体振荡，即内重力波。

As development of economy and industrialization, rheology would have wide development field, and had step-by-step permeated through a great deal of subject to form corresponding branch. For example, polymer material rheology, rupture rheology and mechanics, earth rheology, rock rheology as well as fluidics and so on.

随着经济和工业化的发展，流变学将有广阔的发展领域，并已逐步渗透到许多学科而形成相应的分支，例如高分子材料流变学、断裂流变力学、土流变学、岩石流变学以及应用流变学等等。

In general, the design work with traditional measures is done by hand, which cannot meet the needs of the technology and manufacture. So the author has developed a CAD hydraulic design software fit for lower specific speed axial flow runner, which is easily operated by users.The main research work of this paper is as follows:1 Analyzing the main reason of axial flow power station cannot work well under littler volume of flow in some season and putting forward an improving scheme, pointing out the characters of design under abnormal factors.2 Combined with the development of the industry in our country, the abnormal hydraulic design method of propeller turbine is discussed based on present literature, data and experiment results.3 Guided by the design method of software engineering, a suit of hydraulic design software of Lower Specific Speed Axial Flow Runner is programmed by the object-oriented programming language Visual Basic and a straightforward, concise and standard Windows human-computer dialogue interface is designed for the system, which makes the operation of the system very convenient.4 ActiveX Automation technology is adopted as the interface with AutoCAD and the hydraulic drawings are edited, modified by AutoCAD until hydraulic model drawings according with the demand of engineering practice are output.5 To resolve practice problem, the author has designed a lower specific speed axial flow runner for Duowa Power Station through an example.

论文的主要内容有：1 深入分析很多轴流定桨式水电站枯水季节小流量下不能发电的主要原因，提出减容改造方案，并指出超常规条件下的改造设计特点。2 结合国情及行业发展需要，参考现有资料、文献和前人的研究成果，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法的研究，对轴流式转轮叶片的奇点分布法水力设计进行了全面的探索，结合现代计算机技术，找到了一种针对特殊条件的轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法。3 仔细比较多种AutoCAD二次开发工具后，结合本课题的特点，选用Visual Basic语言，综合应用软件工程的设计思想，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计软件的编制，为系统设计了直观、简洁和标准的Windows人机对话界面，便于用户操作；编程时在考虑到设计条件特殊性的同时，尽量做到程序的通用性，使之可用于解决同一类问题；另外，大部分程序还可移植到普通轴流式转轮叶片水力设计中，具有良好的适应性。4 利用ActiveX Automation技术与AutoCAD接口，对AutoCAD进行二次开发，在AutoCAD下实现水力图的自动生成和编辑，直至输出符合实际工程要求的木模图。5 通过算例，为多哇水电站设计了一个低比转速轴流定桨式转轮，解决其在枯水期小流量下不能发电的问题。

At the beginning of the *** the writher introduces the background of the project, the document analysis of the related research, the research design and research methods; therefore the writher elaborates the basic theories——Post-modern Perspective on Curriculum, Dialogue Theory and Instructional Design Theory used in this ***. In the third section of the *** the writer has compared the running and Open Educational Resources between Chinese Open Courseware and MIT OCW by statistical analysis. The writer focuses on the analysis of guiding resources, learning resources, developing resources, evaluation resources and interactive resources. In the forth section the writer has summed up the difference between Chinese Quality Open Courseware and MIT OCW, then arrived some comparative significance conclusions which will do good at Open Educational Resources of Chinese Quality Open Courseware. At the end of the ***, the writer has summarized the limitation of the research and promoted the following-up study of this study in future.

头后介绍课题的研讨背景、研讨现状、研讨设计和研讨方式；交灭闭于本研讨的实际基本——后现代课程观、闭于话实际和教受教养设计实际的从要观里入行阐述；第三章做者通功统计剖析比拟邦度粗品课程取MIT OCW两个项纲的概略和开放教导资流，反沉闭于开放教导资流外的指里资流、教习资流、拓铺资流、评价资流和互动资流入行剖析；第四章做者反在第三章的基本长入行分解和谈论，形败了一些闭于人邦邦度粗品课程开放教导资流建设无还鉴意义的比拟解论；反在本研讨最末做者道亮研讨所亡反在的一些出无脚，并闭于本研讨的后续研讨入行了铺望。

To experiment on 66mm, 75mm returned flow hydrocyclone and 70mm uniflow hydrocyclone (cone-shaped, columniform) in water-sand intermixture, then each capacity, separation performance and correlative parameter's change rules are obtained and compared. Building up overflow system in series of 66mm and 75mm hydrocyclone, separating property and partition curve of the system through experiment are gained.

分别对66mm、75mm返流式水力旋流器和70mm直流式水力旋流器四种水力旋流器进行砂水实验研究，得出各自的生产能力、分离性能及相关参数的变化规律，并进行比较；组成返流式水力旋流器溢流串联系统，进行性能测试，得出系统的分离性能和级效率曲线。

In this paper,the condition that gas flow through wood in the pattern of linear flux wasdetermined from the theories of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.The expression of flow-resistor of tracheids is reduced with the continuity equation and the equation of motion indifferential form.The flow-resistor network is constructed by means of the theory ofpercolation.The equivalent flow-resistor was evaluated by utilizing the real spacerenormalization approach.

本文根据针叶材管胞的解剖结构，运用孔隙介质流体力学的理论，导出了管胞关于气体渗透流阻的数学表达式；继而根据管胞纹孔在三个纹理方向上的连接特性，利用管胞流阻建立了一个描述针叶材三个纹理方向气体渗透性的三维流阻网络；然后运用实空间重整化变换的方法，求解试件流阻网络三个纹理方向的等效流阻，并由此计算试件相应的气体渗透系数；最后用我国南方常见的人工林马尾松木材试件进行渗透系数实际测量，与理论计算结果进行对比分析，以验证三维流阻网络及其理论的准确性。

Based on the detailed study of seismic tomography image in South China, and according to the geotectonic environment and shape and heat of asthenosphere upwelling, we divided the structure of lithosphereasthenosphere at the Mesozoic upper mantle of Eastern China into three types.(1)Continental platform area (North China platform and Yangtze platform): asthenosphere upwelled along paleorift; over the plume head, the granitic rocks of crust and mantle mixed and correspondingly, Au, Cu, Mo, PbZn, etc. mineralizationconcentrated regions were formed; and at the steep contact belt of asthenosphere and the thick area of lithosphere, mediatebasic complex was formed.(2)Central area of fold zone: asthenosphere was "recumbent" at suitable depth, with adequate heat and in a great extent; by heat conduction, the interior of partial crust remelted, and the crustsource granitic rocks, and correspondingly, W, Sn and rare elements mineralizationconcentrated regions were formed.

在深入研究华南地震层析成像的基础上，按照大地构造环境和软流圈上涌形状和热度，将中国东部中生代上地幔中岩石圈软流圈构造划分为3类：(1)陆台区，软流圈沿古裂陷上涌，其柱头上方形成幔壳混熔花岗质岩及相应Au、Cu、Mo、PbZn等矿集区，并于软流圈与岩石圈厚区之陡接触带形成中基性杂岩及相应Fe矿集区；(2)褶皱带中心区，软流圈在适当深度、热量充足、较大范围内&平卧&，因热传导而致使地壳内物质部分重熔，形成壳源型花岗质岩及相应的W、Sn、稀有元素矿集区；(3)褶皱带边缘区(大兴安岭南部及华南南缘)，在软流圈上涌柱上方形成幔源或幔壳混熔的花岗质岩，相应为Cu、Au、PbZn、Mo、Ag矿集区。

Proposed is the construction of an innovative vibration-proof baffle rod element along with a simplified model for the unitary flow duct of this construction.

提出了一种新型抗振折流杆元件的结构，并对该结构的单元流道提出了简化模型，用数值方法模拟了夹持式折流杆支撑的单元流道内的流动和传热状况，从流体的流动形态、压力分布和温度分布等方面与直折流圆杆单元流道进行了对比。

An advanced combined turbulent lubrication model is proposed: low turbulence Reynolds number k-e model is used to describe the flow in the near-wall regions, and algebraic Reynolds stress model is used to describe the flow in the turbulence kernel, with flow continuity kept between the two models and transition criterion set to fit Leutheusser's measurements.

提出了先进的复合型紊流润滑理论：以低紊流雷诺数k-e模式描述近壁区内的流场，而以代数雷诺应力模式描述紊流核心区内的流场，二区间流场连续过渡，并依据Leutheusser实验结果设定过渡准则。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。