并流

In addition,Various methods of stability analysis of wakes behind bluff bodies arediscussed,among which the general theory of absolute/convective instability is strictlyformulized from stability equations of viscous flow;the theoretical foundation of stabil-ity analysis of time-average flows is also discussed from basic equations of fluids,andthe reason for the stability analysis of time-average flow can predict the frequency inthe saturation state is explaned.

此外，讨论了钝体尾迹稳定性分析的各种方法，其中从粘性流的稳定性方程出发严格推导了绝对/对流不稳定性的理论公式；从基本方程出发探讨了采用时均流场作稳定性分析的可行性，并解释了用时均流场作稳定性分析可以更好地预示饱和频率的原因。

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

The air motion in umbrella curtain spray combustion system for diesel engine was studied using numerical analysis with the emphasis on the evolution of in-cylinder flow field, the interactions between swirl and squish and the effects of combustion chamber configuration.

用数值分析方法研究柴油机伞帘喷雾燃烧系统中的空气运动规律，探讨了缸内流场的演变过程、涡流与挤流的相互作用和燃烧室结构的影响，并比较了该燃烧系统与原机燃烧系统中的流场。

The experimental setup for the turbulent jets in crossflow is designed, and the hot wire anemometry IFA 300 is used to measure the velocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy, and the computational result matches experimental measurement reasonably well. The experimental result is very important in the analysis of the flow field, deduction of the equation of the jet trajectory, check of the turbulence model and validation of the numerical method.

首先，建立了用于测量横向紊动射流的实验台，并利用IFA 300型热膜风速仪系统测量了多种工况下的流场，并将速度、湍动能结果与数值计算结果进行了比较，实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好，从而为分析流场特性、确定射流轨迹、比较湍流模型以及验证数值计算方法提供了依据。

In this method,the Archimedes spiral was adopted as channel midline which could be generated by programmer in the process of modeling,and the original wooden patterns and the area change rule of channel could be modified,so that 3-D design of double-channel impellers could be implemented.

在该设计方法中，采用阿基米德螺旋线为流道中线，在造型过程中编入程序生成流道中线，并对原木模图和流道面积变化规律进行修正，实现对双流道式污水泵叶轮的三维设计。

Backset current area, the important factor of burner performance was discussed on the basis of carrying on numerical simulation to the cement kiln with three-channel burner by the model of. RNG k-ε. The model that backset current area was divided into center backset current area, interior backset current area, and other backset current area was compared in three-dimensional condition.

在采用重整化群κ-ε模型对水泥窑用多通道燃烧器进行数值模拟的基础上，针对影响燃烧器性能的重要指标－回流区进行讨论，将三维条件下燃烧器的流场分布与传统燃烧器流场进行劝比，提出了三维条件下燃烧器回流区分为中心回流区、内回流区、外回流区3个回流区的分布模型，并分析了影响回流区的直流风和旋流风2个重要因素。

Meanwhile, according to the need of Venturis, a SVM-based water-oil flow pattern identification method is given, with which characteristic vectors can be obtained and used to identify flow patterns, thus giving good results of both separated and distributed flow pattern identification.

同时，根据文丘里管流量测量需要，提出了基于SVM的油水两相流流型识别方法，给出了特征向量提取方法，并将其用于流型识别，较好的取得了分层流和分散流型识别结果。

In the paper, the simulation model of port plate/cylinder block frictional pair in which the lubricating film forms was established according to force balance equation and flow continuity equation with SIMULINK of MATLAB. The frictional pair includes of damp groove type continuous oil supply port plate /cylinder block frictional pair and semi-perimeter double oil groove type periodical oil supply port plate /cylinder block frictional pair.

本文根据配流副数学模型中的力平衡动态方程和流量连续方程，利用数学仿真软件MATLAB中的SIMULINK工具包分别对阻尼槽型连续供油配流副和半周槽双油腔间歇供油配流副建立了润滑膜形成的仿真模型，并对不同工况下的这两种配流副润滑膜的形成及变化规律进行动态仿真研究。

In this paper, as a typical lewis acid, anhydrous aluminum (AlCl_3) was used as the catalyst to get PP/PS blends compatibilized by in-situ Fridel-Crafts alkylation. The effects on PP and PS components of AlCl_3 were investigated first, mainly by rheology, including steady rheology method and dynamic rheology method. Then the in-situ reactions in PP/PS alloys under different conditions were executed and studied in detail by selective Soxhlet solvent extraction. And at the same time, the evolutions of phase structures of PP/PS and the resulted PP/PS/AlCl_3 alloys were investigated by SEM and SALS. The steady and dynamic rheological behaviors of in-situ compatibilized PP/PS alloys were obtained systematically.

本文选用典型路易斯酸无水氯化铝(AlCl_3)作为催化剂，利用烷基化反应机理，对PP/PS合金直接进行原位催化反应增容，以流变学方法(包括静态流变和动态流变学方法)为主，详细探讨无水AlCl_3对PP/PS合金体系中PP和PS两组分的影响，并在此基础上进一步系统研究无水AlCl_3原位催化增容PP/PS合金的相结构演变及增容反应特征，然后对不同原位催化增容条件下获得增容合金材料的流变行为特征作了深入探讨。

The pressure fields between the cylinder block and the valve plate and between the valve plate and the end housing have been set up, and the HT is designed and checked.

建立了缸体-配流盘，配流盘-后端盖两种配流副之间的压力场数学模型，并据此对液压变压器进行设计和校核，满足最佳配流和强度要求。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。