年代学者

And we argue that, if the research is to be deepen in further steps and breakthroughs are to be achieved, something must be done: to reject the noble-like thinking characterized by the sense of ego-superiority of self-culture; to get the better of the thinking habit such as the argument of feudal-clan, the argument of backward politic ideology of the peasantry;to relate rural clans to the peasantry, their subject of benefits instead of splitting them, and regard the multi-choices of ways of the existence and social benefits of rural society as well as urban society, thus to overcome the static vision on looking at the rural clan.

农村改革兴起后，农村宗族组织及其活动在中国商品经济最为活跃的东南地区的普遍复兴，给了这一思维定势以强烈的冲击，进而引起学者们对这一问题的重新认识和反思；进入80年代末期以后，随着村民自治建设的不断推进，作为一种农村社会群体形式的宗族组织自然又与村民自治自觉不自觉地缠绕在一起，如何评价宗族在村民自治进程中的角色和影响便成为一个更具有现实性意义的话题。

Yet restricted by objective conditions, these scholars failed to realize the whole complexity of the evolvement and circulation of ancient books, resulting in some simplism on such problems as the authenticity, era of evolvement and authorship of ancient books, the historical value of specific sections, as well as the relations among different texts.

但主要由于客观历史条件的限制，"古史辨"学者们当年对古书成书和流传情况的复杂性尚不能有充分的了解，因而在对古书真伪、成书年代、作者，乃至其中某些特定内容的史料价值以及各宗古书数据之间关系等问题的研究中存在着简单化的缺陷。

So by virtue of the traditional his stereographical belief, the past can be retrieved and constructed as it really was in the corresponding historical narratives and texts.

这本书能够出版，与更多的学者进行交流，实在是件好事情。作为曾传芳研读对象的斯泰伦的两部长篇历史小说，都发表于上世纪六七十年代。

Because of its strong convergence, robustness and validity, researchers in nonlinear optimization have paid great attention to it since 1970s.

自二十世纪七十年代以来，这种方法因其可靠性、有效性及很强的收敛性引起了非线性优化研究界许多学者的重视。

In the 1950's,when reconsidering the social welfare administration,the German scholars put forward the principle of subsidiarity,which played an important role in dealing with the relations of the nation and individual,the relations of central government and local government and the relations of European Integration and nation sovereignty.

20世纪50年代，德国学者在反思福利行政时率先提出了辅助性原则。

By 1990s, Manchu study had gradually become a independent study out ofArts through the long-term efforts made by international experts; Tungusic Study is also taking shape.

经海内外专家学者的长期努力，到20世纪90 年代，满学开始从人文学科中逐渐形成一门独立的学科；通古斯学亦日益发展成熟。

Many scholars have tried to explain the validity of the term understratum since it was put forward in the early 1990s;nevertheless, it remains confusing ,vague and ambiguous.

从20世纪90年代初"底层"概念的提出到现在，很多学者对其术语的有效性进行了诸多阐释和批评，然而却始终显得模糊、含混、暧昧，甚至歧义丛生。

For example, U-space is uniformly regular and which makes it has fixed point property, U-space is uniformly non-square and thus super-reflexive, uniformly convex space and uniformly smooth space are U-spaces, and an Banach space is an U-space iff its dual space is U-space, etc. In1990s, a lot of work had been done on U-space theory, e.g., Tingfu Wang and Donghai Ji introduced the concepts of pre U-property and nearly U-property. Under the structure of Orlicz space, they made systematic investigation of these properties, and gave the criteria for an Orlicz space to have U-property.

U-空间具有一致正规结构进而具有不动点性质；U-空间是一致非方的，进而也是超自反的；一致凸空间和一致光滑空间是U-空间；Banach 空间为U-空间的充要条件是其对偶空间为U-空间，等等。20世纪90年代，国内外学者对U-空间理论做了很多工作，王廷辅，计东海等人先后引入了准U-性质与似U-性质的概念，并在Orlicz空间框架下对有关性质进行了系统研究，完整给出了Orlicz空间具有各种U-性质的判据。

Previously discredited by party historians because it tended to suggest that Chinese development did not fit into a unilinear world pattern, the Asiatic mode attracted renewed attention in the 1980s in part because it helped legitimize China's recent economic policies, which may seem to transgress the stages of history normally posited in the Marxist scheme of history.

因为原先部分历史学家不相信这一模式，他们倾向于认为中国的发展不是遵循世界史的单一发展路径模式。20世纪80年代，亚细亚生产方式再次引起中国学者的关注是因为其有助于中国新近经济政策的合法化——表面上看来，这些政策逾越了原来通常被置于马克思主义历史描述框架内的历史发展阶段。

American management scholars first put forward the theory of enterprise valuation in the 1960s. In the recent 40 years, it has been greatly developed in advanced countries.

企业价值理论在20世纪60年代初伴随着产权市场的出现由美国管理学者率先提出，40年来在西方发达国家得到很大发展。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。