年代

The relevant theories were information theory, categorical grammar, transformational-generative grammar, dependency grammar, and stratificational grammar in the 1950s and 1960s; artificial intelligence, non-linguistic knowledge bases, formalisms such as lexical-functional grammar, generalized phrase structure grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, definite clause grammar, priciples and parameters, Montague semantics in the 1970s and 1980s, neural networks, connectionism, parallel processing , and statistical methods and others in the 1990s.

与之相关的理论有：20世纪50年代和60年代的信息理论，范畴语法，转换生成语法，从属语法，和层次语法；70年代和80年代的人工智能，非语言知识基础，诸如词汇功能语法，广义短语结构语法，中心词驱动短语结构语法，有定从句语法，原则和参数，70年代和80年代的蒙太古语法等这些形式主义；90年代的神经系统网络，连接注意，平行处理，和统计学方法以及其他理论。

American Pop was born in the 1960s, with the emergence of international masters like Andy Warhol, James Rosenquist and Roy Lichtenstein. Andy Warhol has had a tremendous influence on the development of Chinese art. Performance art emerged in the 1970s as well as Nam June Paik's video art and Christo and Jeanne-Claude's installation art. Sigmar Polke and Gerhard Richter were among the leaders of the Post Modern movement, which also flourished in the 1970s. Among them, Richter has had the most significant impact on Chinese art. New Expressionism emerged in the United States during the 1980s with artists such as Keith Haring, installation artist Ann Hamilton, and Cindy Sherman whose work is somewhat derived from New Expressionism.

进入50年代又出现了格林伯格画派、形式主义绘画，以及具象复活等等。50年代后期出现了新现实主义画派，以及为心灵而创作的博伊斯。60年代美国波普艺术诞生，出现了安迪·沃霍、罗森奎斯特、利希滕斯坦这样的世界级大师人物，其中安迪·沃霍对中国的影响最大。70年代出现身体艺术、行为艺术、白南准的电子艺术、克里斯托和珍妮—克劳德的包裹艺术，以及以波尔克、里希特、巴尔德萨利的后现代主义，其中里希特在中国影响巨大。80年代出现了美国新表现主义如基斯·哈林，装置如汉密尔顿，以及辛迪·舍曼的挪用。

But after the suffragette movement brought women greater freedom at the beginning of the 20th century, it became a clich in financial circles to note that hemlines moved in the same direction as stock prices: upwards, for example, in the 1920s, 1960s and mid-1980s and downwards in the 1930s, 1940s and mid-1970s.

但是，当20世纪初妇女参政运动为女性带来更多的自由之后，金融圈里便开始流行这样的老生常谈：女人裙边的高低和股价走向一致。例如上世纪20年代、60年代和80年代中期往上调；上世纪30年代、40年代和70年代中期往下行。

It expanded to 106119ha in 1973, descented to 99167ha in 1987, backed up to 112440ha, and attained the max value in history—123170ha in 1998 and descent to 109934ha again in 2001. GIS overlaying analysis shows that, the spatial change of Minqin Oasis had the different characteristics in different stage in the last 50 years: at the end of 50's to the beginning of 70%, oasis expandation Was performed by extension of origin oasis; the atrophia of oasis from the beginning from 70's to the 80's was performed by increasing of non-oasis spot pieces of inner part for oasis; the main performance of keeping on expanding of oasis from late 80's to late 90's is outside extension of Baqu oasis near the upper stream, with increased oasis area in interior of hungriness and increased area of non-cultivation in Huqu oasis in the north. From 1998 to 2001, opening up wideness in interior of hungriness continued, but hnngrinessization of oasis became worse. The oases in the Minqin Basin developed from small to large and back to small in terms of area changes, and from south to north then to south in terms of spatial changes.

绿洲分布图的GIS叠加覆盖分析表明，近50年来民勤绿洲的空间变化在不同阶段有不同的特征：50年代末至70年代初，绿洲扩展主要表现为已有绿洲的外延式扩大；70年代初至80年代后期的绿洲萎缩，主要表现为绿洲内部非绿洲斑块增加；80年代后期至90年代后期的持续扩展，主要表现为靠近上游的坝区绿洲向外围扩展和荒漠腹地绿洲面积的增加，而北部湖区绿洲弃耕面积不断扩大；98年至2001年，绿洲荒漠腹地的开荒还在继续，但湖区的绿洲荒漠化还在进一步加剧。50年来民勤绿洲的发展总体上经历了一个面积由小到大再到小，空间位置上从南而北再向南的迁移过程。

Pattern of change of time of two ground time is roughly same also, sichuan at the beginning of time of ~60 of 50 time end warmer, end of time of the ~90 at the beginning of 60 time slants cold, air temperature is apparently elevatory since 90 time end and strength is greater; Chongqing end of time of ~60 of 50 time end is warmer, air temperature change and Sichuan province are basic and identical after 70 time.

两地年代际变化规律也大致相同，四川50年代末~60年代初较暖，60年代初~90年代末偏冷，90年代末以来气温明显升高且强度较大；重庆50年代末~60年代末较暖，70年代之后气温变化和四川省基本相同。

The climate change led to an increase in drought events, in particular in midsummer in 1990s. The frequency of the rainstorm process decreased from 1980s, and significantly in 1990. From early 1980s, the first frost date advanced, but the late frost date was slightly late by 1.3 days each 10 years. The active accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ steadily increased. The frostless season had gradually extended since 1970s.

进一步分析发现：气候变化导致盛夏农业干旱事件发生的频次增多，90年代几乎每年盛夏出现干旱事件；暴雨过程次数从80年代起逐渐减少，90年代减少明显；80年代初开始终霜冻日期提前，初霜冻日期推迟；70年代起无霜期逐渐延长；稳定≥10℃的活动积温随年代增加。

It had been a long journey from the gold standard of the 19th century, via the restored gold-exchange standard of the 1920s, the monetary chaos of the 1930s, the Bretton Woods system of adjustable exchange rates of the 1950s and 1960s, the termination of dollar convertibility into gold in 1971, and the monetary targeting of the 1970s and 1980s.

这是一段漫长的旅途，从19世纪的金本位开始，历经上世纪20年代的金汇兑本位制、30年代的金融混乱、50年代和60年代实行浮动汇率制的布雷顿森林体系、1971年结束美元与黄金的兑换，以及70年代和80年代的货币目标制。

Based on aforementioned findings, the author disclosed China have gone through three wave of marketing since the open policy reform in the end of seventies in the last century: the first wave taken place from the end of seventies to the end of eighties of last century, during this period of time, enterprises commonly took a marketing tactics mix of unitary product, high gross-profit pricing, wholesale and information notification; the second wave happened from the end of eighties to the end of nineties in the last century, during the second wave, enterprises often took a marketing tactics mix of serialized products, medium gross profit pricing, regional distribution and advertisement on mass media; the third wave occurred from the end of nineties of last century to now, during the third wave, enterprises usually adopted a marketing tactics mix of segmented products, low gross profit pricing, outlet interception and tangible benefits promotion.

基于上述认识，本书进而揭示出，中国市场自上个世纪70年代末改革开放以来，已经经历了三次营销浪潮：第一次营销浪潮发生在20世纪70年代末至80年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&单一化产品+高毛利政策+批发销售+信息告知&的链接标记营销策略组合。第二次营销浪潮发生在20世纪80年代末至90年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&系列化产品+中毛利政策+区域链接标记分销+大众链接标记广告&的营销策略组合。第三次营销浪潮发生在20世纪90年代末至今，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&细分化产品+低毛利政策+链接标记终端拦截+实惠促销&的营销策略组合。

Based on aforementioned findings, the author disclosed China have gone through three wave of marketing since the open policy reform in the end of seventies in the last century: the fi rst wave taken place from the end of seventies to the end of eighties of last century, during this period of time, enterprises commonly took a marketing tactics mix of unitary product, high gross-profit pricing, wholesale and information notification; the second wave happened from the end of eighties to the end of nineties in the last century, during the second wave, enterprises often took a marketing tactics mix of serialized products, medium gross profit pricing, regional distribution and advertisement on mass media; the third wave occurred from the end of nineties of last century to now, during the third wave, enterprises usually adopted a marketing tactics mix of segmented products, low gross profit pricing, outlet interception and tangible benefits promotion.

基于上述认识，本书进而揭示出，中国市场自上个世纪70年代末改革开放以来，已经经历了三次营销浪潮：第一次营销浪潮发生在20世纪70年代末至80年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&单一化产品+高毛利政策+批发销售+信息告知&的营销策略组合。第二次营销浪潮发生在20世纪80年代末至90年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&系列化产品+中毛利政策+区域分销+大众广告&的营销策略组合。第三次营销浪潮发生在20世纪90年代末至今，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&细分化产品+低毛利政策+终端拦截+实惠促销&的营销策略组合。

Based on aforementioned findings, the author disclosed China have gone through three wave of marketing since the open policy reform in the end of seventies in the last century: the first wave taken place from the end of seventies to the end of eighties of last century, during this period of time, enterprises commonly took a marketing tactics mix of unitary product, high gross-profit pricing, wholesale and information notification; the second wave happened from the end of eighties to the end of nineties in the last century, during the second wave, enterprises often took a marketing tactics mix of serialized products, medium gross profit pricing, regional distribution and advertisement on mass media; the third wave occurred from the end of nineties of last century to now, during the third wave, enterprises usually adopted a marketing tactics mix of segmented products, low gross profit pricing, outlet interception and tangible benefits promotion.

基于上述认识，本书进而揭示出，中国市场自上个世纪70年代末改革开放以来，已经经历了三次营销浪潮：第一次营销浪潮发生在20世纪70年代末至80年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&单一化产品+高毛利政策+批发销售+信息告知&的营销策略组合。第二次营销浪潮发生在20世纪80年代末至90年代末，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&系列化产品+中毛利政策+区域分销+大众广告&的营销策略组合。第三次营销浪潮发生在20世纪90年代末至今，期间，企业界普遍采取的是&细分化产品+低毛利政策+终端拦截+实惠促销&的营销策略组合。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷